Sunday, April 24, 2016

"The Montreal Protocol"

The Montreal Protocol (click here) divides ozone depleting substances into a variety of lists of chemicals that are subject to different control requirements. Countries that sign the treaty commit to
1) stop consumption or production of chemicals on Group 1 of Annex A after January 1, 1996 (CFC 11, CFC 12, CFC 113, CFC 114, and CFC 115).
2) stop consumption or production of chemicals on Group 2 of Annex A after January 1, 1994 (Halon 1211, Halon 1301, and Halon 2402.)
3) stop consumption or production of chemicals on Groups 1, 2 and 3 of Annex B after January 1, 1996 (CFC 13, CFC 111, CFC 112, CFC 211, CFC 212, CFC 213, CFC 214, CFC 215, CFC 216, CFC 217, carbon tetrachloride, and 1,1,1-trichloroethane)
4) reduce consumption or production of hydrochlorofluorocarbons listed in Group 1 of Annex C to 1989 levels
5) reduce consumption or production of methyl bromide to 75% of 1991 levels beginning in 1999.
EPA has issued regulations issued under sections 601-607 of the Clean Air Act to implement the Montreal Protocol and phase out the production of several ozone-depleting substances. EPA utilizes a different classification system for identifying chemicals for regulatory controls, dividing the universe of substances covered by the Montreal Protocol into Class I and Class II ozone depleting substances.
More on EPA regulations for phasing out Class I ozone depleting substances.
More on EPA's regulations for controlling all ozone depleting substances.

Does the USA ever live up to it's expectations? Has it no moral content anymore?

I am really getting the feeling the USA is the most amoral country in the world when it comes to environmental responsibility. There are reasons why the USA is not trusted anymore.

Note that while the Montreal Protocol mandates an end to the production and consumption of the major CFCs, halons, hydrobromofluorocarbons and methyl bromide by 1996, there continue to be substantial releases of some of these substances in the U.S. (based on industry reports to TRI). Implementation of the Montreal Protocol is dependent on national regulation, and in the U.S. the EPA has focused on eliminating production of Class I ozone depleting substances by the treaty's phase-out dates. Use of previously produced stocks of ozone depleting substances was not banned as of January 1, 1996, and releases to the atmosphere continue. Facilities reporting releases of Class I ozone depleting substances may have been legally using previously produced stocks or operating under essential use exemptions, or they may have been operating illegally. EPA is currently actively enforcing the CAA restrictions on uses of ozone depleting chemicals....