The reason there are provisions in the ACA for educating family medicine doctors and nurse practitioners is because there is and has been a shortage. There is less of a shortage, but, I resist to say no shortage of specialists. Why? Because Americans are greedy, that includes physicians and surgeons. They want to spend their time making maximum amount of money and begin retirement while still in practice. This is yet another reason to apply tax increases to those at the $250,000 level. If the MDs didn't have reason to become a specialist we'd have more family doctors where malpractice levels are less.