Taste

The experience of the taste of beer can be discerned well if one pays attention. If one wants to be a connoisseur, as the brew masters are, it is the map of the tongue that is most important.

The sweet malt taste occurs on the front and mid tongue. 

Hop flavor is bitter and occurs on the back of the tongue.

The lingering after taste is important for beer. It should be pleasing and not bitter or sweet.

Samuel Adams commissioned a glass to be developed. I believe it was by MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology). The concern of Sam Adams was the way their beer was delivered to the taste buds. 

The last time I purchased these glasses, they came in a box of four. And it works. The beer is delivered in a unique way that promotes taste. It is not a stunt or a joke. 

Try drinking a favorite beer with this glass and then take a few chips or pretzels to clear the taste and try it from another stein. There is definitely a difference.

The Sam Adams Glass has it's own webpage (click here).

Aroma and Body - The beer, not the girl.

I don't know one person in my life that has ever stated, "I wish beer were more stinky." And if the beer doesn't feel like something in the mouth, you may as well drink air.

Drinking beer is a savory experience. It alerts your senses to pay attention.

The aroma of malted barley is sweet and intensifies with with darker beers.

Hops are a pleasant, flowery, bitter aroma to balance the sweet smell of the malt.

Fruity aromas can add to the bouquet of the moment. It is always a good idea to smell the beer before and during the drinking. Smell is as much a part of taste as the actual swallow.

There is light and full bodied beers. Light feels like water. Full bodied is thicker and chewy. There is a range in between that light and full. The light in body is not about calories, it is about texture.

Color

The color comes from the amount and type of roasted barley. There are golden color barley and there are dark color barley and all the ranges of color in between.

There are four official colors; golden, amber, brown and black. However, there are many patented names such as Chocolate or Caramel. A brewing company can name the beverage anything they want on the label to create interest, but, there are still standard 'measures' of quality.

Barley can be used for more than fermenting. It can be used for tea as well. As a matter of fact I can't understand why there aren't more Tea Parlors where specialty teas are brewed, too. But, there just doesn't seem to be the interest. Like anything else though it is a matter of building interest in a market even though there isn't one readily available.

Mugicha – Roasted Barley Tea

INGREDIENTS

• 1/3 cup uncooked Pearl Barley
• 8 cups water

PREPARATION

Put the barley in a large dry skillet and toast over medium heat for about 10 minutes, stirring the grains and shaking the skillet occasionally so that they toast evenly, until the grains have turned a dark rich brown color. Remove from the heat and pour out into a bowl or a paper towel to cool.

Bring the water to a boil in a pot, add the cooled toasted barley, and simmer over low heat for 20 minutes. Remove from the heat and let the barley continue to steep as the mugicha cools, for about 5 minutes.

Strain out the barley, pour the mugicha into a pitcher and chill, or drink hot.

Roasted Barley Tea, called Mugicha in Japan has great health benefits such as antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticoagulative properties. Mugicha can be a super source for phytonutrients that help with detoxification. Other benefits include:

• Rich in fibers, vitamins B1, B2 and Iron
• Quenches thirst and treats fever
• Promotes blood circulation
• Moistens the skin
• Calms the stomach
• Treats distention of the stomach
• Reduces stress
• Effective at treating bladder infections when mixed with fresh ginger juice and honey

See, the culture of tea often considers health effects while the culture of beer simply focuses on social strength in bonding. So, if tea became more fun it would be more popular. Sure, sure health is important, but, what is the sense in marketing health if it isn't fun and popular. A ministry for health is fine, but, if the participants are few and far between what good is the ministry?

This is where it gets a little tricky and not to insult the old stalwarts, but...

Budweiser, Miller, Coors, Becks, Heineken, Kirin, Spaten and St. Pauli are not really ales. They might have a variety that is an ale, but, for the most part the 'off the shelf' variety is a golden lager that is brewed to be a little bitter.

Lagers are fermented at lower temperatures and are aged for a longer period of time. Smooth, crisp and fizzy tastes and aromes are characteristic.

The other spectrum of beer are lagers.

Now, San Miguel is an interesting brewery. It has been brewing lagers for over 100 years in the Philippines.

They have two kinds of lagers.

San Miguel Lager

A pale golden with a hint of pleasant hoppy aroma, medium boy balanced with smooth moderate bitterness and snappy clean palate.

The amount of hops used in the fermentation process has a direct effect on the flavor. There are beers with strong hops flavor and there are beer drinkers that prefer it. This is where microbreweries can adjust their product to their customers. Literally, a brew can be local to the palate of their particular customers and/or use exclusively ingredients found in the area. There is a real science to the thinking of local products. 

It goes like this.

Any ingredient not locally grown is pollution to the soil. If hops are grown locally there is a particular flavor that will be captured by soils all over the USA. 

How many soils are there in the USA? Ever look at a USGS Quadrangle map? There are many, many soils in the USA and they all have unique names. So, when one thinks about beer and their preference and the fact they have developed a taste for 'the local stuff' it is because that flavor is specific to the soil and water where the crops were grown. Yes, different soils can result in different flavors of hops. More acidic soils or more basic soils result in slight differences in crop flavor.

There is such a thing as Kobe Beef, yes? Why is it special? The beef steers are hand raised and feed a specific diet. They are even massaged. Now, if the handling of the beef made no difference why do it at all?

But, back to lagers. There are less varieties of lagers than ales. They also rage from golden to black with the other colors of amber and brown. They range in flavor from bitter to sweet. Most lagers are on the bitter side and tend to be golden or amber. However, San Miguel has a dark lager.

San Miguel Negra

A full bodied dark lager with a balance of bitterness of straight forward aromas of pleasant sweetish roasted malt bouquets pours with a creamy, frothy head showing excellent lacing. 
I realize this is not an American beer, but, American microbreweries should be striving to find the perfect dark lager for the palate of the USA.

This is where it gets interesting.

There are varieties of beer. And oddly none are really considered beer. Beer is really a generic name that includes all varieties. When one is getting down to brass tacks, there sincerely is no particular drink called beer. Well, there are things like apple beer and birch beer, but, that is a different topic completely.

There are ales. Ales are fermented at high temperatures and a fruity aroma are a common characteristic.

Ales are more numberous than any kind of beer. They have a range of color from golden to black. The other color designations are amber and brown. They have a range of flavor based in sweetness. The flavors are from sweet to bitter. 

The very darkest ales are considered stout. Guinness Stout is black and bitter. 

Mackeson Stout is black and sweet. Why is it sweet? Because it uses milk for its sugar. Lactose. Now, milk stouts use a special species of yeast called, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Milk Stout was originally begun in the late 1800s with whey left over from making cheese. It was actually a by-product of cheese making once found that whey fermented well into a beverage with a kick. 

Mackerson Stout became a beverage in 1907. AB InBev now owns the beer.

Malted barley are grains that are germinated. Sprouts.

The softer shell and available pulp of the seed allows fermentation.

But, the germinated seed does not stay succulent during the entire process. Once the barley has germinated it is dried. At least in the majority of times. There is such a thing as liquid malt barley.

Homebrewing is a really interesting topic. It requires some expertise in finding ingredients that work well.

“Homebrewing (click here) is the brewing of beer, wine, cider and other beverages, both alcoholic and non-alcoholic, through fermentation on a small scale as a hobby for personal consumption, free distribution at social gatherings, amateur brewing competitions or other non-commercial reasons.”

That is Eddie turning the malt with a traditional wooden paddle on a drying floor. (click here)

What is beer?

Beer is any fermented beverage made from malted grain, hops, water and yeast.

The primary grain used is malted barley.

There are other ingredients entertained from time to time to vary the flavor such as wheat, fruit and spices. There are sometimes beers made with corn or rice as adjuncts to appeal to a wide variety of consumers. Corn and rice also serve as a cheaper source of fermentable sugar. 

Oh, yes. Fermentation involves sugar as a source for the actions of the yeast. 

Both the Belgians and the Germans claim the right to Reinheitsgebot.

Reinheitsgebot is an official declaration limiting the ingredients beer can be made from. 

The Beligans claim a right to Reinheitsgebot back to the 1400s. 

The Germans state it was from the Purity Laws of 1516.

Reinheitsgebot is a law. It limits beer to four basic ingredients; hops, malted barley, yeast and water. The purity and quality of the ingredients along with the ratio of all the products produces a product sought after by many. The majority of Microbreweries abide by this law.

The Microbreweries like to think of their profession as a craft. As a matter of fact some call them Craft Beers, Specialty Beers or American Specialty Beers to discern them from imports.

Microbrewery

Traditionally it is defined as a brewery that produces less than 15,000 barrels of beer annually.

When I think of microbreweries I think of small batches, attention to detail and home grown popularity. 

Some brews have grown so popular over the years they are produced in far more than 15,000 barrels a year. 

As a rule, the microbrewery wants the customer to enjoy the brew and not be offended by a price matching a fine wine. So, while they are more pricey than regular beers, they are affordable and lend themselves to social gatherings.

Top 20 microbreweries in America (click here)

By Eric Warren On April 28, 2009

1. Kettlehouse Brewing Company, Missoula, Montana

Known lovingly as the “K-hole” by Missoulians, this tiny brewery features an even smaller taproom where you’ll find locals of all stripes downing Cold Smoke Scotch Ale.

They don’t serve food, but the intensely hoppy Double Haul will usher in the perfect ending to a day of fly fishing the Clark Fork (a mere 200 feet from the front door) or exploring Glacier National Park....

Beer has a traceable history 5000 years old.

Fig. 1: Impression (click here) of a Sumerian cylinder seal from the Early Dynastic IIIa period (ca. 2600 BC; see Woolley 1934, pl. 200, no. 102 [BM 121545]). Persons drinking beer are depicted in the upper row. The habit of drinking beer together from a large vessel using long stalks went out of fashion after the decline of Sumerian culture in the 2ndmillennium BC.

It's Sunday Night

Time for something more lighthearted, like the Obama Economy. It is fun. It is interactive. It is citizen oriented and it is now!

"Beer" written and sung by Aaron Barrett

Songwriters: BARRETT, AARON

She called me late last night, to say she loved me so
It didn't matter anymore,
I say she never cared
And that she never will,
I'd do it all again
I guess I'll have to wait until then

And if i get drunk well, I'll pass out
On the floor now baby
You won't bother me no more
And if you're drinkin' well, you know
That you're my friend and I say
I think I'll have myself a beer

She called me late last night, to say she loved me so
But I guess you changed her mind.
Well I should have known, it wouldn't be all right,
But I can't live without her
So I won't even try...

And if I get drunk well, I'll pass out
On the floor now baby
You won't bother me no more
And if you're drinkin' well, you know
That you're my friend and I say
I think I'll have myself a beer

Maybe some day, I'll think of what to say
Maybe next time I'll remember what to do
She looks like heaven, maybe this is hell
Said she'd do it all again, she'd promise not to tell!

And if I get drunk well, I'll pass out
On the floor now baby
You won't bother me no more
She said,
It's okay boy cause you know
We'll be go friends and I say
I think I'll have myself a beer
I think I'll have myself a beer

Woohoo etc
Yeah yeah yeah
Woohoohoo

Antagonists

The counter measure could be a person deployment like a smoke bomb or tear gas canister. It simply needs to change the shape and/or chemical composition of the chemical weapon to render it useless.

There has to be a chemist somewhere in the world that can formulate an antagonist to these ancient chemical weapons.

A biochemist, although the antagonist doesn't have to be organic, so much as rendering the gas inert.

There has to be a reactive compound that will bind with loose gas to create an inert compound that will not enter the human body. It seems fairly straight forward to me.

Why can't there be a triggering reaction as soon as chemical elements are known to be in the air. 

Fluorine is a highly reactive attachment to the remainder of the molecule. I am quite confident a counter-measure could be developed rather quickly that is benign to human life and causes a reaction with chemical weapons to nullify the ability to kill people.

I realize a methyl CH3 is fairly stable, but, it is also reactive. It could be attacked from that region as well to create a molecule which retains its fluorine instead of allowing it to enter into a biological reaction to cause death of a human being.

This is the computer age. There is no reason why sensors could not be developed to release a counter-agent and stop the gas from being fatally distributed among people.

The doubly bonded oxygen can also be easily accessed to change the arrangement. It can be done and it needs to be done so these ancient war weapons can no longer be a reassurance to dictators that see himself as more important than the people that want freedom from him.

Sarin is no different than any other chemical or biological weapon. It is organic.

(RS)-Propan-2-yl methylphosphonofluoridate

C₄H₁₀FO₂P

The carbon are the black nodes, the hydrogens are the grey nodes, the fluorine is the greenish-yellow node, the oxygen are the red nodes and the phosphorus is the orange node.

This is the sarin molecule. It all happens because there is a highly reactive element called fluorine.

It binds with a neuro chemical, enzyme actually, called acetylcholinesterase. The enzyme is related to acetylchloine the neurochemical that transmit nerve impulses. 

Acetylcholine can build up at the nerve synapse. A synapse is the part of the nerve connecting to another nerve(s) to transmit the chemical signal to the body and in reverse from the body to the brain through the central nervous system.

What occurs is the fluorine element (node) of the sarin molecule is 'the leaving' part. It is the most reactive part. It literally enters into a chemical reaction with acetylcholinesterase. Acetylcholinesterase is the enzyme which reacts with acetylcholine to remove a build up of the neurochemical to allow a new reaction to begin.

When the acetylcholineesterase can no longer bind to the acetylcholine because it is no longer available but bond now to a fluorine molecule the acetylcholine builds up at the synapse and death flows. 

It is like an insecticide for the human being. I guess that makes it a humanicide.

I hope I spelled all that right. I just don't feel up to reading what I just wrote.

Cause of 5.7 magnitude quake - hydraulic fracturing.

An eathquake on Nov. 5, 2011 caused extensive damage to the towers (turrets) atop Benedictine Hall, the most prominent structure on the campus of St. Gregory's University in Shawnee. 
JIM BECKEL/NewsOK.com



By WAYNE GREENE World Senior Writer 
Published: 12/6/2012  2:53 PM 
Last Modified: 12/6/2012  2:56 PM


Whether a 5.7-magnitude earthquake that shook the state in 2011 — the biggest in contemporary state history — was man-made or not is still an open question, state geology experts say, and regulators say so is the issue of whether they should do anything about it. 

The Nov. 5, 2011, earthquake near Prague — which was felt widely across the state — was “likely triggered” by fluid injection in the area, according to a paper presented by University of Oklahoma seismologist Katie Keranen on Wednesday at the fall meeting of the American Geophysical Union in San Francisco. 

But Oklahoma Geological Survey officials say there’s a significant and important distance between likely and certainly. 

In fact, there may never be enough evidence to make a definitive finding about what caused the Prague earthquake, said Austin Holland, research seismologist for the Oklahoma Geological Survey, in a telephone interview from the San Francisco conference....

How convenient, there may never be enough evidence to make a definitive finding. So, does that mean the USA should allow this destructive industry continue to cause seismic activity when there is so much more evidence elsewhere in the country to back this up?

There were recent findings in Texas to the destructive power of hydraulic fracturing from four separate sites where less than 2 on the Richter Scale was measured.

I have repeatedly stated the greatest danger to the USA through seismic activity due to the petroleum industry is liquefaction. Now, if everyone wants to continue to play around with this disaster they can look forward to loss of land use. I sincerely would not recommend it. This is the dynamic that has Christchurch, New Zealand in shambles.

I am fairly sure if geologists were commissioned to examine any seismic site believed to be caused by hydraulic fracturing and/or known to be cause by hydraulic fracturing in the USA, there would be some evidence of liquefaction. Fairly sure of that.

The scientists in the USA have been concentrating on proving the seismic activity is related to hydraulic fracturing, so they might not be focusing on the land condition left in its wake.

Liquid is introduced during hydraulic fracturing. It would enhance the ability of the ground to become loose during the seismic activity.

In geology, liquefaction refers to the process by which saturated, unconsolidated sediments, primarily sands and silts, temporarily lose strength and behave as a viscous liquid rather than as a solid. Ground failure caused by liquefaction is a major cause of earthquake damage and casualties. Photo source: Saitama Shimbun/Associated Press/Kyodo News

Excerpt from Oregon State University (click here)

The scale of Japan’s March 11 earthquake and tsunami wasn’t the only thing that surprised geologists.

The 9.0 earthquake in Japan, the fourth most powerful quake ever recorded, also caused an unusually severe and widespread shift in soil through liquefaction, a new study suggests.

Near coastlines, harbors and rivers, earthquakes can make the wet, sandy soil jiggle, turning it temporarily from a solid to a liquid state, a process known as liquefaction. Heavy sand and rock sinks, while water and lighter sand bubble to the surface. The slurry spreads, often toward the water, and the surface shifts.

Japan’s liquefaction occurred over hundreds of miles, surprising even experienced engineers who are accustomed to seeing disaster sites, including from the recent earthquakes in Chile and New Zealand.

The study raises questions about whether existing building codes in other vulnerable locations can enable structures to withstand massive liquefaction, including in areas of Oregon, Washington and California.

“We’ve seen localized examples of soil liquefaction as extreme as this before, but the distance and extent of damage in Japan were unusually severe,” said Scott Ashford, a study team member from Oregon State University....

Governor Rick Snyder's bad ideas don't stop with Right to Work.

The wayward Michigan Governor known to sell the Michigan Brain Trust to Wall Street for personal profit, also wants to increase hydraulic fracturing in Michigan.

Like what?

This is the Great Lakes, you jerk. Michigan is surrounded by water. What does hydraulic fracturing do to water supplies? 

Now, unless  the entire Great Lakes wants to be pumped through cisterns there is no way this form of exploitation of the natural world should go forward in any of the states along the Great Lakes or St. Lawrence Sea Way.

I would think Canada would have the same focus.

The costs to rehabilitate the Great Lakes receiving Fracking pollution would far, far exceed the EPA Great Lakes Restoration Initiative. Is this initiative suppose to improve the Great Lakes and protect them OR simply 'pick up' after Wall Street pollution?

Rick Snyder is a horrible governor. I stated there would all kinds of problems with corruption when he was running. Anyone listen? Nooooo...

I think Snyder is planning to run for the Presidency in 2016. He knows his stay in the Governor's mansion will be abbreviated after that last set of referendums ending the Financial Manager laws. His run for President is on the idea of Michigan being a state with unions and a Middle Class that literally contributes to the nation's economy in a very big way. But, that reality was not created or improved on by Mr. Snyder.

By David Eggert | deggert1@mlive.com 
on December 08, 2012 at 7:00 AM, updated 

LANSING, MI – Right-to-work legislation (click here) may not have been high on the agenda of a reluctant Gov. Rick Snyder for nearly two years, but it eventually got to the very top.

What does that say about him?

In what could be the defining moment of his term, he did not stamp out the growing pressure from Republican lawmakers, business leaders and conservative advocacy groups to act.

By getting behind bills that would make it optional for workers in union shops to pay dues or fees, Snyder is effectively matching or possibly exceeding the recent curbs on unions in Indiana and Wisconsin....

We need to get something straight about these Right to Work laws. A Republican agenda item probably supported by ALEC.

Summary (click here)

ALEC's model Right to Work Act provides that no employee need join or pay dues to a

union, or refrain from joining a union, as a condition of employment. The Act establishes

penalties and remedies for violations of the Act's provisions.

I can state this very simply.

Right to work is to insure poverty wages to the nation and high profits to corporations. It assaults the sovereignty of the USA as it diminishes the tax base to the USA Treasury.

Remember now,the biggest complaint the political Right Wing has is that increasing taxes on millionaires and billionaires will cause them to leave the country. Right? Well, if we are counting on their contribution to the USA Treasury, then it is not a sovereign reassurance, now is it? 

The security of the USA, its sovereign rights, are ONLY protected by the Middle Class. Their ability to move about the nation is the only possibility. They won't abandon the country. They never have. They have loved this country and have stood by it through thick and thin. So when an idiot someone like Snyder states The Right to Work laws have proven to put people back to work, he and the GOP neglect the fact the quality of life of the people and the fitness of the USA Treasury are at stake.

Right to Work Laws assault the USA sovereignty and serve ONLY the Plutocracy. And that is a global plutocracy with a very different agenda than that of the people of the USA.

Chasing Ice OFFICIAL TRAILER

Looks like the federal legislature is out of the picture. How convenient for Republicans.

Gay Marriage is no longer a State's Right issue. It has come full circle. Now, the nation hears from a conservative court about the right of people to love. Is this the only way bias, discrimination and hatred ends in the USA? A court has to arbitrarily tell Americans they are allowed to love each other. Really?

The U.S. Supreme Court (click here) has decided to take up the issue of marriage equality the right way, the forthright way. The justices could have simply allowed the federal appeals court ruling against California's Prop. 8 to stand without a high-court review. Such a move would have allowed the resumption of same-sex marriages in California, but would have left open the question of the constitutionality of laws in other states that restrict marriage to unions between a man and a woman....

How many human functions will the courts of the USA have to tell the American people to perform in private or public? Can we hug in public? Can we celebrate in public? Can we express our deepest and most abiding feelings for each other in public?

This is interesting.

See, when hatred takes this level it is a precedent no one should sincerely engage in. Basically, the Supreme Court of the USA is going to tell its citizens it has a right or not a right to love. 

So.

Is that freedom of speech or the commerce clause this time?

Oh, yeah.

When the Supreme Court decides about Gay Marriage will they also say who can or cannot give birth and claim families? This is one of the most outrageous issues I have ever witnessed before the court in my life!

The conservative courts have refused to respect the wall between church and state. They refuse to visit the issue as a religious intolerance issue. The way this needs to occur is the removal of the state from the realm of the church. The church does not issue marriage licenses and the state does. There is no reason why two people of any gender combination cannot get a marriage license and spend the rest of their lives together. The bias in some states is due to the breakdown of the separation of church and state. 

Now, will the Robert's Court return the separation as it should be or will they toy with it? Will they find some stupid conservative grey area and call it genius?