...the risk of transmission from fomites in an isolation ward and from convalescent patients is low...
This research shows low incidence of viable virus on fomite, not NO incidence. The low incidence is after cleaning with recommended infection control guidelines. This virus lives on fomite.
Just because 'low' seems like 'no' that is a DENIAL. Among some social groups the spread will be increased because any sanitation is unavailable to them.
I might point out the research on Ebola is not from large populations, but, from nutritionally depleted individuals. Did the depleted nutritional status increase the progression of the disease? Probably. That means a well nourished person, such as a homeless American, might carry out an infection rate greater than an African. The possibility of Ebola to spread in the USA is actually greater than Africa due to the healthier lifestyles because of better nutrition.
I would never underestimate Ebola. It has mutated and any research currently published has a limited population exposed to the disease.
...We found EBOV (click here) to be shed in a wide variety of bodily fluids during the acute phase of illness, including saliva, breast milk, stool, and tears. In most cases, the infected bodily fluid was not visibly contaminated by blood. Of particular concern is the frequent presence of EBOV in saliva early during the course of disease, where it could be transmitted to others through intimate contact and from sharing food, especially given the custom, in many parts of Africa, of eating with the hands from a common plate. However, the isolation of EBOV from only 1 saliva specimen, in contrast to the 8 that were RT-PCR positive, could suggest that the virus is rapidly inactivated by salivary enzymes or other factors in the oral cavity that are unfavorable to virus persistence and replication. EBOV has been previously documented in saliva by RT-PCR, but no attempt was made to culture virus or to explore the temporal dynamics of virus shedding in that study. Marburg virus, the other member of the Filoviridae family, has been isolated as well as detected by RT-PCR in saliva from a patient with a fatal case of Marburg hemorrhagic fever in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (authors' unpublished data). The higher mortality among patients with RT-PCR-positive saliva likely reflects increased virus shedding in patients with high viremia, which has been previously noted to be an indicator of a poor prognosis....
The HIV crisis was found to spread in people who do not speak or read English.
Civilization that has enjoyed increasing longevity will be ill prepared to realize the depth of the fatal rate of Ebola. They need education today at health clinics, doctor offices and counter tops proven to useful in distributing health information to the public.
Symptoms and early intervention has to be stressed. Someone who believes they have symptoms needs to be welcome for assessment without judgement and/or cost.
HHS will need additional funding to provide a public education campaign. It would be nice for media to provide free time and/or line space for any education campaign in any city or town or hamlet.
This research shows low incidence of viable virus on fomite, not NO incidence. The low incidence is after cleaning with recommended infection control guidelines. This virus lives on fomite.
Just because 'low' seems like 'no' that is a DENIAL. Among some social groups the spread will be increased because any sanitation is unavailable to them.
I might point out the research on Ebola is not from large populations, but, from nutritionally depleted individuals. Did the depleted nutritional status increase the progression of the disease? Probably. That means a well nourished person, such as a homeless American, might carry out an infection rate greater than an African. The possibility of Ebola to spread in the USA is actually greater than Africa due to the healthier lifestyles because of better nutrition.
I would never underestimate Ebola. It has mutated and any research currently published has a limited population exposed to the disease.
...We found EBOV (click here) to be shed in a wide variety of bodily fluids during the acute phase of illness, including saliva, breast milk, stool, and tears. In most cases, the infected bodily fluid was not visibly contaminated by blood. Of particular concern is the frequent presence of EBOV in saliva early during the course of disease, where it could be transmitted to others through intimate contact and from sharing food, especially given the custom, in many parts of Africa, of eating with the hands from a common plate. However, the isolation of EBOV from only 1 saliva specimen, in contrast to the 8 that were RT-PCR positive, could suggest that the virus is rapidly inactivated by salivary enzymes or other factors in the oral cavity that are unfavorable to virus persistence and replication. EBOV has been previously documented in saliva by RT-PCR, but no attempt was made to culture virus or to explore the temporal dynamics of virus shedding in that study. Marburg virus, the other member of the Filoviridae family, has been isolated as well as detected by RT-PCR in saliva from a patient with a fatal case of Marburg hemorrhagic fever in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (authors' unpublished data). The higher mortality among patients with RT-PCR-positive saliva likely reflects increased virus shedding in patients with high viremia, which has been previously noted to be an indicator of a poor prognosis....
The HIV crisis was found to spread in people who do not speak or read English.
Civilization that has enjoyed increasing longevity will be ill prepared to realize the depth of the fatal rate of Ebola. They need education today at health clinics, doctor offices and counter tops proven to useful in distributing health information to the public.
Symptoms and early intervention has to be stressed. Someone who believes they have symptoms needs to be welcome for assessment without judgement and/or cost.
HHS will need additional funding to provide a public education campaign. It would be nice for media to provide free time and/or line space for any education campaign in any city or town or hamlet.
