If Flint can't get justice through the US Justice Department then it will be necessary to turn to the United Nations.
Monday, January 25, 2016
Why is lead so toxic?
If Flint can't get justice through the US Justice Department then it will be necessary to turn to the United Nations.
I have no doubt the investigation of MICHIGAN laws will be through by the Michigan State Attorney General and his teams.
It is Michigan laws that caused this.
The emergency manager laws removed all authority except for one person. The emergency manager completely disregarded federal standards. The Michigan emergency mangers cannot operate outside the law because it is favorable for their balance sheets.
The people of Flint have an emergency circumstance and people are making choices between two adverse choices.
The people of Flint are losing the base of their economy and people are being forced to make choices between two unreasonable choices. There are now health issues that have not existed before.
This is just unbelievable. I can't believe Americans have to live with contaminated water in their homes.
The Snyder administration has been evasive during this entire episode of money before people. They sold a pipe so the people of Flint could not return to their old water supply! Where are the arrest warrants. This is obvious stuff. There is no need for an investigation, the facts are all over the news and in Michigan newspapers.
IT IS EASY TO SAY "DON'T BATH IN THE WATER," BUT THERE IS NO CHOICE THAT PROVIDES THAT REALITY TO THE PEOPLE OF FLINT.
Excuse me. Some investigation is better than none? Really?
May 14, 2015
By Ron Fonger
Flint, MI -- Genesee County(click here) is offering the city of Flint $3.9 million for a 9-mile section of the existing water pipeline to Lake Huron. Emergency manager Darnell Earley has notified the City Council of the pending deal.
County Drain Commissioner Jeff Wright said Wednesday, May 14, that the proposed purchase is designed to put the old pipeline section to good use and to provide the city with cash for an asset that otherwise will serve no purpose....
January 23, 2016
Detroit -- The head of a Flint hospital (click here) that found Legionnaires' disease bacteria in its water system more than a year ago said he and experts suspected the Flint River was a likely source of the contaminant.
Don Kooy, president of McLaren hospital, said he was surprised that Michigan and local health agencies didn't inform the public about a Legionnaires' outbreak in Genesee County in 2014-15 until just a few weeks ago.
The outbreak occurred while Flint residents were repeatedly complaining about dirty tap water coming from the river -- a crisis that ultimately caused exposure to lead and other health problems....
In Flint, Michigan, (click here) health clinics are crowded with worried parents getting their children tested for lead poisoning -- but the high demand has backed up the process. Adriana Diaz reports.
It is Michigan laws that caused this.
The emergency manager laws removed all authority except for one person. The emergency manager completely disregarded federal standards. The Michigan emergency mangers cannot operate outside the law because it is favorable for their balance sheets.
The people of Flint have an emergency circumstance and people are making choices between two adverse choices.
The people of Flint are losing the base of their economy and people are being forced to make choices between two unreasonable choices. There are now health issues that have not existed before.
This is just unbelievable. I can't believe Americans have to live with contaminated water in their homes.
The Snyder administration has been evasive during this entire episode of money before people. They sold a pipe so the people of Flint could not return to their old water supply! Where are the arrest warrants. This is obvious stuff. There is no need for an investigation, the facts are all over the news and in Michigan newspapers.
IT IS EASY TO SAY "DON'T BATH IN THE WATER," BUT THERE IS NO CHOICE THAT PROVIDES THAT REALITY TO THE PEOPLE OF FLINT.
Excuse me. Some investigation is better than none? Really?
May 14, 2015
By Ron Fonger
Flint, MI -- Genesee County(click here) is offering the city of Flint $3.9 million for a 9-mile section of the existing water pipeline to Lake Huron. Emergency manager Darnell Earley has notified the City Council of the pending deal.
County Drain Commissioner Jeff Wright said Wednesday, May 14, that the proposed purchase is designed to put the old pipeline section to good use and to provide the city with cash for an asset that otherwise will serve no purpose....
January 23, 2016
Detroit -- The head of a Flint hospital (click here) that found Legionnaires' disease bacteria in its water system more than a year ago said he and experts suspected the Flint River was a likely source of the contaminant.
Don Kooy, president of McLaren hospital, said he was surprised that Michigan and local health agencies didn't inform the public about a Legionnaires' outbreak in Genesee County in 2014-15 until just a few weeks ago.
The outbreak occurred while Flint residents were repeatedly complaining about dirty tap water coming from the river -- a crisis that ultimately caused exposure to lead and other health problems....
In Flint, Michigan, (click here) health clinics are crowded with worried parents getting their children tested for lead poisoning -- but the high demand has backed up the process. Adriana Diaz reports.
Warmer temperatures are coming to the north east.
Flooding will probably occur as later today or tomorrow.
The flooding will be far less than if the temperatures changed rapidly. It is still a serious concern. There were snow fall up to 40 inches in some areas of West Virginia.
The rivers will receive all that snow melt and the lower elevations needs to be on watch for not only local flooding but the added concern of cresting water from higher elevations.
This is what goes on when every issue of living is politicized.
Value for North Dakota (Percent): 11.9% (click here)
January 26, 2016
Washington (AP) " The U.S. Supreme Court (click here) will not allow the state of North Dakota to enforce a law banning abortions when a fetal heartbeat is detected as early as six weeks into a pregnancy.
The justices on Monday turned away the state's appeal of lower court rulings that struck down the 2013 fetal heartbeat law as unconstitutional. The law never took effect, and abortion rights supporters said it was the strictest anti-abortion measure in the country.
The high court last week rejected Arkansas' bid to enforce its own fetal heartbeat law, banning some abortions at 12 weeks....
I can't believe people in Flint, Michigan are still drinking contaminated water. Arrest Snyder.
The Rooster
"Okeydoke"
People are really, really angry. There is no weather issue in Michigan.
January 24, 2016
By Emmy Lucas
Flint (WJRT) - (01/24/16) The Genesee County (click here) Volunteer Militia gathered at Flint's City Hall Sunday to keep the spotlight on the water crisis, but the rally drew more than just locals.
"There's really no motivation other than the people of Flint need help and we're in the position where we can help," said twenty-seven-year-old La'Mont Williams of Chicago.
While most twenty-some year olds are worrying about what the weekend plans are, the minds of Lamonte and Nate Williams of Chicago weighed heavy with concern for the residents of Flint.
"No one is putting politics
into it, no one is putting any agenda into it. This is just a human crisis with a human face that needs a human response and that's what we're trying to do," added Williams.
into it, no one is putting any agenda into it. This is just a human crisis with a human face that needs a human response and that's what we're trying to do," added Williams.
So, with the donation of water and money they collected from family and friends in Illinois they arrived in Flint Saturday, making trip after trip to the local store.
"We loaded up my Corolla with about twenty-five cases of water and headed to Chicago and then we made about three trips to Wal-Mart and kept getting twenty-five cases, twenty-five cases."...
"Good Night, Moon"
Might be is a big question. I hope they find solid data soon. The research reminds of a return to the practice of pure science. It is about time.
I'll start up with Kyoto Protocol, Article 4 next week. We could have done it, you know?
The Full Moon
15.8 days old
98.7 percent lit
January 20, 2016
I'll start up with Kyoto Protocol, Article 4 next week. We could have done it, you know?
The Full Moon15.8 days old
98.7 percent lit
January 20, 2016
By Kenneth Chang
There might be a ninth planet (click here) in the solar system after all, and it is not Pluto.
Two astronomers reported on Wednesday that they had compelling signs of something bigger and farther away — something that would satisfy the current definition of a planet, where Pluto falls short.
“We are pretty sure there’s one out there,” said Michael E. Brown, a professor of planetary astronomy at the California Institute of Technology.
What Dr. Brown and a fellow Caltech professor, Konstantin Batygin, have not done is actually find that planet, so it would be premature to start revising mnemonics of the planets.
In a paper published in The Astronomical Journal, Dr. Brown and Dr. Batygin lay out a detailed circumstantial argument for the planet’s existence in what astronomers have observed — a half-dozen small bodies in distant elliptical orbits.....
Sunday, January 24, 2016
Kyoto Protocol - Article 3 continued
9. Commitments for subsequent periods for Parties included in Annex I shall be established in amendments to Annex B to this Protocol, which shall be adopted in accordance with the provisions of Article 21, paragraph 7. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall initiate the consideration of such commitments at least seven years before the end of the first commitment period referred to in paragraph 1 above.
This is the reference in the current agreement. Article 3, Number 9. Number 9 allows for subsequent periods of intervention of the global community.
10. Any emission reduction units, or any part of an assigned amount, which a Party acquires from another Party in accordance with the provisions of Article 6 or of Article 17 shall be added to the assigned amount for the acquiring Party.
11. Any emission reduction units, or any part of an assigned amount, which a Party transfers to another Party in accordance with the provisions of Article 6 or of Article 17 shall be subtracted from the assigned amount for the transferring Party.
Countries were allowed to negotiate commitments between them so long as the long term goal remained intact. The USA could not do this? Really?
12. Any certified emission reductions which a Party acquires from another Party in accordance with the provisions of Article 12 shall be added to the assigned amount for the acquiring Party.
The United Nations was interested in survival of our planet, not the destruction of nations. Honest Injun.
13. If the emissions of a Party included in Annex I in a commitment period are less than its assigned amount under this Article, this difference shall, on request of that Party, be added to the assigned amount for that Party for subsequent commitment periods.
Countries were suppose to improve their efforts.
14. Each Party included in Annex I shall strive to implement the commitments mentioned in paragraph 1 above in such a way as to minimize adverse social, environmental and economic impacts on developing country Parties, particularly those identified in Article 4, paragraphs 8 and 9, of the Convention. In line with relevant decisions of the Conference of the Parties on the implementation of those paragraphs, the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, at its first session, consider what actions are necessary to minimize the adverse effects of climate change and/or the impacts of response measures on Parties referred to in those paragraphs. Among the issues to be considered shall be the establishment of funding, insurance and transfer of technology.
This was to prevent exploitation of the Third World as carbon emitters where the First World was not. In other words, no harming a Third World party from meeting their goals by instituting new oil wells or mining of coal while reducing domestic production to meet goals.
No sabotage.
The USA could easily have lead and provided sales of alternative energies to the Third World.
This is the reference in the current agreement. Article 3, Number 9. Number 9 allows for subsequent periods of intervention of the global community.
10. Any emission reduction units, or any part of an assigned amount, which a Party acquires from another Party in accordance with the provisions of Article 6 or of Article 17 shall be added to the assigned amount for the acquiring Party.
11. Any emission reduction units, or any part of an assigned amount, which a Party transfers to another Party in accordance with the provisions of Article 6 or of Article 17 shall be subtracted from the assigned amount for the transferring Party.
Countries were allowed to negotiate commitments between them so long as the long term goal remained intact. The USA could not do this? Really?
12. Any certified emission reductions which a Party acquires from another Party in accordance with the provisions of Article 12 shall be added to the assigned amount for the acquiring Party.
The United Nations was interested in survival of our planet, not the destruction of nations. Honest Injun.
13. If the emissions of a Party included in Annex I in a commitment period are less than its assigned amount under this Article, this difference shall, on request of that Party, be added to the assigned amount for that Party for subsequent commitment periods.
Countries were suppose to improve their efforts.
14. Each Party included in Annex I shall strive to implement the commitments mentioned in paragraph 1 above in such a way as to minimize adverse social, environmental and economic impacts on developing country Parties, particularly those identified in Article 4, paragraphs 8 and 9, of the Convention. In line with relevant decisions of the Conference of the Parties on the implementation of those paragraphs, the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, at its first session, consider what actions are necessary to minimize the adverse effects of climate change and/or the impacts of response measures on Parties referred to in those paragraphs. Among the issues to be considered shall be the establishment of funding, insurance and transfer of technology.
This was to prevent exploitation of the Third World as carbon emitters where the First World was not. In other words, no harming a Third World party from meeting their goals by instituting new oil wells or mining of coal while reducing domestic production to meet goals.
No sabotage.
The USA could easily have lead and provided sales of alternative energies to the Third World.
Kyoto Protocol - Article 3 continued
5. The Parties included in Annex I undergoing the process of transition to a market economy whose base year or period was established pursuant to decision 9/CP.2 of the Conference of the Parties at its second session shall use that base year or period for the implementation of their commitments under this Article. Any other Party included in Annex I undergoing the process of transition to a market economy which has not yet submitted its first national communication under Article 12 of the Convention may also notify the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol that it intends to use an historical base year or period other than 1990 for the implementation of its commitments under this Article. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall decide on the acceptance of such notification.
The USA could have defined it's year by the first initiative of greenhouse gas reductions. The outcomes were to best that year and continue every year to 2012. The USA could not achieve that? Really? It was extreme politics and cronys that prevented USA commitments. Kyoto Protocol was not a strategy to end the USA's economy.
The problem was the USA could not increase it's emissions. Carbon dioxide reductions weren't evident in the USA until President Obama's administration and institutionalizing alternative energies and an efficient grid.
6. Taking into account Article 4, paragraph 6, of the Convention, in the implementation of their commitments under this Protocol other than those under this Article, a certain degree of flexibility shall be allowed by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol to the Parties included in Annex I undergoing the process of transition to a market economy.
Kyoto Protocol had a bottom line to reduce and end greenhouse gas emissions. If the transition of markets and emissions of greenhouse gases were progressing ahead of expectations, there would be room for mitigating countries finding it difficult to make that transition. If the USA had made a commitment it could have been instrumental in assisting other countries in meeting their goals. We would have lead.
7. In the first quantified emission limitation and reduction commitment period, from 2008 to 2012, the assigned amount for each Party included in Annex I shall be equal to the percentage inscribed for it in Annex B of its aggregate anthropogenic carbon dioxide equivalent emissions of the greenhouse gases listed in Annex A in 1990, or the base year or period determined in accordance with paragraph 5 above, multiplied by five. Those Parties included in Annex I for whom land-use change and forestry constituted a net source of greenhouse gas emissions in 1990 shall include in their 1990 emissions base year or period the aggregate anthropogenic carbon dioxide equivalent emissions by sources minus removals by sinks in 1990 from land-use change for the purposes of calculating their assigned amount.
8. Any Party included in Annex I may use 1995 as its base year for hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons and sulphur hexafluoride, for the purposes of the calculation referred to in paragraph 7 above.
continued in next entry
The USA could have defined it's year by the first initiative of greenhouse gas reductions. The outcomes were to best that year and continue every year to 2012. The USA could not achieve that? Really? It was extreme politics and cronys that prevented USA commitments. Kyoto Protocol was not a strategy to end the USA's economy.
The problem was the USA could not increase it's emissions. Carbon dioxide reductions weren't evident in the USA until President Obama's administration and institutionalizing alternative energies and an efficient grid.
6. Taking into account Article 4, paragraph 6, of the Convention, in the implementation of their commitments under this Protocol other than those under this Article, a certain degree of flexibility shall be allowed by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol to the Parties included in Annex I undergoing the process of transition to a market economy.
Kyoto Protocol had a bottom line to reduce and end greenhouse gas emissions. If the transition of markets and emissions of greenhouse gases were progressing ahead of expectations, there would be room for mitigating countries finding it difficult to make that transition. If the USA had made a commitment it could have been instrumental in assisting other countries in meeting their goals. We would have lead.
7. In the first quantified emission limitation and reduction commitment period, from 2008 to 2012, the assigned amount for each Party included in Annex I shall be equal to the percentage inscribed for it in Annex B of its aggregate anthropogenic carbon dioxide equivalent emissions of the greenhouse gases listed in Annex A in 1990, or the base year or period determined in accordance with paragraph 5 above, multiplied by five. Those Parties included in Annex I for whom land-use change and forestry constituted a net source of greenhouse gas emissions in 1990 shall include in their 1990 emissions base year or period the aggregate anthropogenic carbon dioxide equivalent emissions by sources minus removals by sinks in 1990 from land-use change for the purposes of calculating their assigned amount.
8. Any Party included in Annex I may use 1995 as its base year for hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons and sulphur hexafluoride, for the purposes of the calculation referred to in paragraph 7 above.
continued in next entry
Kyoto Protocol - Article 3
1. The Parties included in Annex I shall, individually or jointly, ensure that their aggregate anthropogenic carbon dioxide equivalent emissions of the greenhouse gases listed in Annex A do not exceed their assigned amounts, calculated pursuant to their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments inscribed in Annex B and in accordance with the provisions of this Article, with a view to reducing their overall emissions of such gases by at least 5 per cent below 1990 levels in the commitment period 2008 to 2012.
Any country could use other forms of energy including natural gas/methane. The emissions of methane into the troposphere was to be measured in CO2 equivalents to insure the overall emissions would not exceed the protocol. Methane also emits carbon dioxide. That would be counted in a country's total.
2. Each Party included in Annex I shall, by 2005, have made demonstrable progress in achieving its commitments under this Protocol.
At the time of Kyoto it was noted here were reductions ongoing by most of the countries. Kyoto was to commit higher reductions to push Earth back from the brink.
3. The net changes in greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks resulting from direct human-induced land-use change and forestry activities, limited to afforestation, reforestation and deforestation since 1990, measured as verifiable changes in carbon stocks in each commitment period, shall be used to meet the commitments under this Article of each Party included in Annex I. The greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks associated with those activities shall be reported in a transparent and verifiable manner and reviewed in accordance with Articles 7 and 8.
Carbon sinks are vital to balancing the greenhouse gases of Earth's troposphere. The monitoring of carbon sinks to realize it's ability to maintain it's status as a sink was vital to the protocols. It isn't and wasn't or will be about tree hugging. God's green Earth has carbon sinks and they serve a purpose.
4. Prior to the first session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, each Party included in Annex I shall provide, for consideration by the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice, data to establish its level of carbon stocks in 1990 and to enable an estimate to be made of its changes in carbon stocks in subsequent years. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, at its first session or as soon as practicable thereafter, decide upon modalities, rules and guidelines as to how, and which, additional human-induced activities related to changes in greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks in the agricultural soils and the land-use change and forestry categories shall be added to, or subtracted from, the assigned amounts for Parties included in Annex I, taking into account uncertainties, transparency in reporting, verifiability, the methodological work of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the advice provided by the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice in accordance with Article 5 and the decisions of the Conference of the Parties. Such a decision shall apply in the second and subsequent commitment periods. A Party may choose to apply such a decision on these additional human-induced activities for its first commitment period, provided that these activities have taken place since 1990.
The equation. The emission levels were not to be measured simply by emissions, but, also the status of carbon sinks and modifications of energy use for greater efficiency. This protocol was very fluid. It allowed for any effort to reduce and end greenhouse gas emissions.
The USA's NOAA continually monitors corals in the region. This is one of the realities of our corals:
It was the extreme politics and cronys that ended a USA commitment.
Any country could use other forms of energy including natural gas/methane. The emissions of methane into the troposphere was to be measured in CO2 equivalents to insure the overall emissions would not exceed the protocol. Methane also emits carbon dioxide. That would be counted in a country's total.
2. Each Party included in Annex I shall, by 2005, have made demonstrable progress in achieving its commitments under this Protocol.
At the time of Kyoto it was noted here were reductions ongoing by most of the countries. Kyoto was to commit higher reductions to push Earth back from the brink.
3. The net changes in greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks resulting from direct human-induced land-use change and forestry activities, limited to afforestation, reforestation and deforestation since 1990, measured as verifiable changes in carbon stocks in each commitment period, shall be used to meet the commitments under this Article of each Party included in Annex I. The greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks associated with those activities shall be reported in a transparent and verifiable manner and reviewed in accordance with Articles 7 and 8.
Carbon sinks are vital to balancing the greenhouse gases of Earth's troposphere. The monitoring of carbon sinks to realize it's ability to maintain it's status as a sink was vital to the protocols. It isn't and wasn't or will be about tree hugging. God's green Earth has carbon sinks and they serve a purpose.
4. Prior to the first session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, each Party included in Annex I shall provide, for consideration by the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice, data to establish its level of carbon stocks in 1990 and to enable an estimate to be made of its changes in carbon stocks in subsequent years. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, at its first session or as soon as practicable thereafter, decide upon modalities, rules and guidelines as to how, and which, additional human-induced activities related to changes in greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks in the agricultural soils and the land-use change and forestry categories shall be added to, or subtracted from, the assigned amounts for Parties included in Annex I, taking into account uncertainties, transparency in reporting, verifiability, the methodological work of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the advice provided by the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice in accordance with Article 5 and the decisions of the Conference of the Parties. Such a decision shall apply in the second and subsequent commitment periods. A Party may choose to apply such a decision on these additional human-induced activities for its first commitment period, provided that these activities have taken place since 1990.
The equation. The emission levels were not to be measured simply by emissions, but, also the status of carbon sinks and modifications of energy use for greater efficiency. This protocol was very fluid. It allowed for any effort to reduce and end greenhouse gas emissions.
The USA's NOAA continually monitors corals in the region. This is one of the realities of our corals:
NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Service) (click here) designated critical habitat for elkhorn and staghorn corals in November 2008 in four areas:
- Florida
- Puerto Rico
- St. John/ St. Thomas
- St. Croix
It was the extreme politics and cronys that ended a USA commitment.
Kyoto Protocol - Article 2 continued
(iv) Research on, and promotion, development and increased use of, new and renewable forms of energy, of carbon dioxide sequestration technologies and of advanced and innovative environmentally sound technologies;
(v) Progressive reduction or phasing out of market imperfections, fiscal incentives, tax and duty exemptions and subsidies in all greenhouse gas emitting sectors that run counter to the objective of the Convention and application of market instruments;
The American Republicans decided (v) was a good idea. The idea behind (v) was not to subsidize the petroleum companies while they exploited capitalism with the continued use of fossil fuels. The subsidies were suppose to allow for far less use of fossil fuels while phasing them out as much as possible that would guarantee to achieve goals of no more increase than 2 degrees Celsius.
(vi) Encouragement of appropriate reforms in relevant sectors aimed at promoting policies and measures which limit or reduce emissions of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol;
I think that is obvious in the idea greenhouse gases were suppose to be less and less of any countries emissions.
(vii) Measures to limit and/or reduce emissions of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol in the transport sector;
The birth of Elon Musk and Tesla.
(viii) Limitation and/or reduction of methane emissions through recovery and use in waste management, as well as in the production, transport and distribution of energy;
(b) Cooperate with other such Parties to enhance the individual and combined effectiveness of their policies and measures adopted under this Article, pursuant to Article 4, paragraph 2(e)(i), of the Convention. To this end, these Parties shall take steps to share their experience and exchange information on such policies and measures, including developing ways of improving their comparability, transparency and effectiveness. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, at its first session or as soon as practicable thereafter, consider ways to facilitate such cooperation, taking into account all relevant information.
Citizens were always suppose to be a part of the Kyoto Protocol. The words including developing ways of improving their comparability, transparency and effectiveness is the backbone of the new agreement. Countries are suppose to learn from each other in finding what works, what is benign and what makes things worse. Americans might recognize the concept by a different name of "Quality Improvement."
2. The Parties included in Annex I shall pursue limitation or reduction of emissions of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol from aviation and marine bunker fuels, working through the International Civil Aviation Organization and the International Maritime Organization, respectively.
The US military may serve as a leader to these outcomes. It recognizes climate change as a danger to countries. It also has moved to develop fuels that are climate comparable. The USA military is not alone; Boeing has developed it's Dreamline to be more fuel efficient. The Dreamliner was not an overnight wonder, it has taken time to perfect it.
3. The Parties included in Annex I shall strive to implement policies and measures under this Article in such a way as to minimize adverse effects, including the adverse effects of climate change, effects on international trade, and social, environmental and economic impacts on other Parties, especially developing country Parties and in particular those identified in Article 4, paragraphs 8 and 9, of the Convention, taking into account Article 3 of the Convention. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol may take further action, as appropriate, to promote the implementation of the provisions of this paragraph.
Haven't gotten to all those other sections yet.
4. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, if it decides that it would be beneficial to coordinate any of the policies and measures in paragraph 1(a) above, taking into account different national circumstances and potential effects, shall consider ways and means to elaborate the coordination of such policies and measures.
Kyoto was not a trap. It was a protocol that would assess the input of member countries. It was suppose to be successful.
(v) Progressive reduction or phasing out of market imperfections, fiscal incentives, tax and duty exemptions and subsidies in all greenhouse gas emitting sectors that run counter to the objective of the Convention and application of market instruments;
The American Republicans decided (v) was a good idea. The idea behind (v) was not to subsidize the petroleum companies while they exploited capitalism with the continued use of fossil fuels. The subsidies were suppose to allow for far less use of fossil fuels while phasing them out as much as possible that would guarantee to achieve goals of no more increase than 2 degrees Celsius.
(vi) Encouragement of appropriate reforms in relevant sectors aimed at promoting policies and measures which limit or reduce emissions of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol;
I think that is obvious in the idea greenhouse gases were suppose to be less and less of any countries emissions.
(vii) Measures to limit and/or reduce emissions of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol in the transport sector;
The birth of Elon Musk and Tesla.
(viii) Limitation and/or reduction of methane emissions through recovery and use in waste management, as well as in the production, transport and distribution of energy;
(b) Cooperate with other such Parties to enhance the individual and combined effectiveness of their policies and measures adopted under this Article, pursuant to Article 4, paragraph 2(e)(i), of the Convention. To this end, these Parties shall take steps to share their experience and exchange information on such policies and measures, including developing ways of improving their comparability, transparency and effectiveness. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, at its first session or as soon as practicable thereafter, consider ways to facilitate such cooperation, taking into account all relevant information.
Citizens were always suppose to be a part of the Kyoto Protocol. The words including developing ways of improving their comparability, transparency and effectiveness is the backbone of the new agreement. Countries are suppose to learn from each other in finding what works, what is benign and what makes things worse. Americans might recognize the concept by a different name of "Quality Improvement."
2. The Parties included in Annex I shall pursue limitation or reduction of emissions of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol from aviation and marine bunker fuels, working through the International Civil Aviation Organization and the International Maritime Organization, respectively.
The US military may serve as a leader to these outcomes. It recognizes climate change as a danger to countries. It also has moved to develop fuels that are climate comparable. The USA military is not alone; Boeing has developed it's Dreamline to be more fuel efficient. The Dreamliner was not an overnight wonder, it has taken time to perfect it.
3. The Parties included in Annex I shall strive to implement policies and measures under this Article in such a way as to minimize adverse effects, including the adverse effects of climate change, effects on international trade, and social, environmental and economic impacts on other Parties, especially developing country Parties and in particular those identified in Article 4, paragraphs 8 and 9, of the Convention, taking into account Article 3 of the Convention. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol may take further action, as appropriate, to promote the implementation of the provisions of this paragraph.
Haven't gotten to all those other sections yet.
4. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, if it decides that it would be beneficial to coordinate any of the policies and measures in paragraph 1(a) above, taking into account different national circumstances and potential effects, shall consider ways and means to elaborate the coordination of such policies and measures.
Kyoto was not a trap. It was a protocol that would assess the input of member countries. It was suppose to be successful.
Kyoto Protocol - Article 2
1. Each Party included in Annex I, in achieving its quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments under Article 3, in order to promote sustainable development, shall:
Imagine if the USA did not fail. Imagine the stability of the climate. Imagine a return to a season of tornadoes rather than occurring year round. We could be finished with this already.
(a) Implement and/or further elaborate policies and measures in accordance with its national circumstances, such as:
(i) Enhancement of energy efficiency in relevant sectors of the national economy;
No one wants energy efficiency? Really? What about that wealth disparity? Are your sure energy efficiency isn't important? What's the problem less profits? Utilities are big business.
(ii) Protection and enhancement of sinks and reservoirs of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol, taking into account its commitments under relevant international environmental agreements; promotion of sustainable forest management practices, afforestation and reforestation;
Afforestation is the establishment of a forest or stand of trees in an area where there was no forest.
Reforestation is the reestablishment of forest cover, either naturally (by natural seeding, coppice, or root suckers) or artificially (by direct seeding or planting).
(iii) Promotion of sustainable forms of agriculture in light of climate change considerations;
The Union of Concerned Scientists have suggestions:
Sustainable agriculture (click here) provides high yields without undermining the natural systems and resources that productivity depends on. Farmers who take a sustainable approach work efficiently with natural processes rather than ignoring or struggling against them – and use the best of current knowledge and technology to avoid the unintended consequences of industrial, chemical-based agriculture. One important result is that farmers are able to minimize their use of pesticides and fertilizers, thereby saving money and protecting future productivity, as well as the environment.
The Land Institute doesn't have suggests, they have solutions:
Imagine if the USA did not fail. Imagine the stability of the climate. Imagine a return to a season of tornadoes rather than occurring year round. We could be finished with this already.
(a) Implement and/or further elaborate policies and measures in accordance with its national circumstances, such as:
(i) Enhancement of energy efficiency in relevant sectors of the national economy;
No one wants energy efficiency? Really? What about that wealth disparity? Are your sure energy efficiency isn't important? What's the problem less profits? Utilities are big business.
(ii) Protection and enhancement of sinks and reservoirs of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol, taking into account its commitments under relevant international environmental agreements; promotion of sustainable forest management practices, afforestation and reforestation;
Afforestation is the establishment of a forest or stand of trees in an area where there was no forest.
Reforestation is the reestablishment of forest cover, either naturally (by natural seeding, coppice, or root suckers) or artificially (by direct seeding or planting).
(iii) Promotion of sustainable forms of agriculture in light of climate change considerations;
The Union of Concerned Scientists have suggestions:
Sustainable agriculture (click here) provides high yields without undermining the natural systems and resources that productivity depends on. Farmers who take a sustainable approach work efficiently with natural processes rather than ignoring or struggling against them – and use the best of current knowledge and technology to avoid the unintended consequences of industrial, chemical-based agriculture. One important result is that farmers are able to minimize their use of pesticides and fertilizers, thereby saving money and protecting future productivity, as well as the environment.
The Land Institute doesn't have suggests, they have solutions:
Have you ever wondered why (click here) prairies thrive without any human intervention? No pesticides, no fertilizer, no irrigation, and yet they come back year after year, come drought or flood. The soil remains healthy, full of nutrients and swarming with organisms.
Simply put, it’s the complexity. Living things survive by taking advantage of resources as soon as they become available. A bared patch of soil doesn’t stay that way for long. (Reserving it for just one plant species – say, corn – takes a lot of chemicals and tillage.) In time, plants and organisms colonize the area, essentially divvying up available resources....
Scientists, the Union of Concerned Scientists and organizations such as The Land Institute are consistent in their facts and approach to very important understandings about our Earth and our country.
Kyoto Protocol - Article 1 - the all too important definitions.
Kyoto Protocol was written in 1992 based in decades of climate data. The other documents in the current Paris Agreement are more recent from 2012. But, Kyoto is important to know.
For the purposes of this Protocol, the definitions contained in Article 1 of the Convention shall apply. In addition:
1. "Conference of the Parties" means the Conference of the Parties to the Convention.
2. "Convention" means the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, adopted in New York on 9 May 1992.
3. "Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change" means the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change established in 1988 jointly by the World Meteorological Organization and the United Nations Environment Programme.
4. "Montreal Protocol" means the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, adopted in Montreal on 16 September 1987 and as subsequently adjusted and amended.
5. "Parties present and voting" means Parties present and casting an affirmative or negative vote.
6. "Party" means, unless the context otherwise indicates, a Party to this Protocol.
7. "Party included in Annex I" means a Party included in Annex I to the Convention, as may be amended, or a Party which has made a notification under Article 4, paragraph 2(g), of the Convention.
Annex 1 is a later part of the Protocol.
For the purposes of this Protocol, the definitions contained in Article 1 of the Convention shall apply. In addition:
1. "Conference of the Parties" means the Conference of the Parties to the Convention.
2. "Convention" means the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, adopted in New York on 9 May 1992.
3. "Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change" means the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change established in 1988 jointly by the World Meteorological Organization and the United Nations Environment Programme.
4. "Montreal Protocol" means the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, adopted in Montreal on 16 September 1987 and as subsequently adjusted and amended.
5. "Parties present and voting" means Parties present and casting an affirmative or negative vote.
6. "Party" means, unless the context otherwise indicates, a Party to this Protocol.
7. "Party included in Annex I" means a Party included in Annex I to the Convention, as may be amended, or a Party which has made a notification under Article 4, paragraph 2(g), of the Convention.
Annex 1 is a later part of the Protocol.
Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
The method used by the United Nations is no different than the method used in establishing law in the USA. The USA has the US Constitution as it's base document in establishing law. There are Amendments added to the US Constitution. That is the concept here with the Climate Change efforts of a global community.
Kyoto Protocol was never regarded as an insignificant document. It was developed by scientists knowledgeable in the sciences of climate. Their findings were accumulated over decades. Their findings are all facts that reveal a logical progression of global warming induced by anthropogenic gases emitted/dumped into Earth's troposphere.
The Parties to this Protocol,
Being Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, hereinafter referred to as "the Convention",
In pursuit of the ultimate objective of the Convention as stated in its Article 2,
Recalling the provisions of the Convention,
Being guided by Article 3 of the Convention,
Pursuant to the Berlin Mandate adopted by decision 1/CP.1 of the
Conference of the Parties to the Convention at its first session,
Have agreed as follows:
It's like to point out how the climate documents of the United Nations uses verbs, action verbs to be exact, in the sentences of their agreements.
In pursuit, Recalling, Emphasizing, Being guided by, Pursuant, etc. The climate agreements were always intended to be a matter of action, not war, not a record such as the Nuremburg Trials or a book of laws. From the beginning of these documents it was clear the agreements were about action to stem and end the pollution of greenhouse gases.
Kyoto Protocol was never regarded as an insignificant document. It was developed by scientists knowledgeable in the sciences of climate. Their findings were accumulated over decades. Their findings are all facts that reveal a logical progression of global warming induced by anthropogenic gases emitted/dumped into Earth's troposphere.
The Parties to this Protocol,
Being Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, hereinafter referred to as "the Convention",
In pursuit of the ultimate objective of the Convention as stated in its Article 2,
Recalling the provisions of the Convention,
Being guided by Article 3 of the Convention,
Pursuant to the Berlin Mandate adopted by decision 1/CP.1 of the
Conference of the Parties to the Convention at its first session,
Have agreed as follows:
It's like to point out how the climate documents of the United Nations uses verbs, action verbs to be exact, in the sentences of their agreements.
In pursuit, Recalling, Emphasizing, Being guided by, Pursuant, etc. The climate agreements were always intended to be a matter of action, not war, not a record such as the Nuremburg Trials or a book of laws. From the beginning of these documents it was clear the agreements were about action to stem and end the pollution of greenhouse gases.
The Kyoto Protocol is the basic document of the subsequent agreements. It is best to review Kyoto to reduce confusion.
Article 3, paragraph 9, of the Kyoto Protocol: consideration of commitments for subsequent periods for Parties included in Annex I to the Convention
We are one country among a globe of 196 countries. We have allies we have to answer to as well as partners in other United Nations Conventions.
The USA has failed to honor the commitment to the countries that are allies and partners. THE USA HAS FAILED it's allies and partners. Additionally, it has not only failed to honor the ESTABLISHED brevity of climate change of it's own scientists, it has turned to values of war and profit completely absent of concern to environmental dangers.
The policies of the USA are important policies. They often have impact on global conditions and outcomes. The policy of the USA regarding global climate change caused by greenhouse gases has been absent in a sea of countries doing their level best to stem the danger.
It is unconscionable the USA isn't a leader at a time and in a method the entire community of nations needs it's leadership. The global community is experiencing drastic changes in climate and their citizens sometimes die of the effects.
March 20, 2011
By Wynn Parry
We are one country among a globe of 196 countries. We have allies we have to answer to as well as partners in other United Nations Conventions.
The USA has failed to honor the commitment to the countries that are allies and partners. THE USA HAS FAILED it's allies and partners. Additionally, it has not only failed to honor the ESTABLISHED brevity of climate change of it's own scientists, it has turned to values of war and profit completely absent of concern to environmental dangers.
The policies of the USA are important policies. They often have impact on global conditions and outcomes. The policy of the USA regarding global climate change caused by greenhouse gases has been absent in a sea of countries doing their level best to stem the danger.
It is unconscionable the USA isn't a leader at a time and in a method the entire community of nations needs it's leadership. The global community is experiencing drastic changes in climate and their citizens sometimes die of the effects.
March 20, 2011
By Wynn Parry
The intense heat wave (click here) that centered on western Russia last summer was truly a record breaker. It surpassed even 2003's scorcher in western and central Europe — which has been blamed for 70,000 deaths. And together, both of these mega heat waves have secured a place in the 500-year weather history of Europe, according to a new analysis.
The researchers also looked ahead, and found that a variety of different climate models predict an increase in mega heat waves similar to these in the 21st century for two regions within Europe.
From late July until the second week in August 2010, record heat settled across 772,204 square miles (2 million square kilometers) in Russia and Eastern Europe. In Moscow, the daytime temperatures reached 101 degrees Fahrenheit (38.2 degrees Celsius), in Kiev, nights reached 77 F (25 C), crops were destroyed, fires swept across western Russia, and preliminary estimates now put the Russian death toll at 55,000.
70,000 dead in France and Europe in 2003.
55,000 dead in Eastern Europe and Russia in 2010.
Wildfires that griped Australia hopeless to end the flames.
The USA didn't even blink. Those deaths were never acknowledged by the USA. It was passed off as unfortunate. These were allies. Russia is a valuable partner to many initiatives in the global community.
The USA has expressed itself as a country without a conscience.
This continues Decision 1/CP.17
Decisiom 1/CMP 7 is yet another document incorporated into the Paris Agreement.
Noting decision 1/CMP.7, (click here)
Outcome of the work of the Ad Hoc Working Group on Further Commitments for Annex I Parties under the Kyoto Protocol at its sixteenth session
The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol,
Recalling Article 3, paragraph 9, of the Kyoto Protocol,
See next entry:
Also recalling Article 20, paragraph 2, and Article 21, paragraph 7, of the Kyoto Protocol,
Further recalling decisions 1/CMP.1, 1/CMP.5 and 1/CMP.6,
Noting with appreciation the work of the Ad Hoc Working Group on Further Commitments for Annex I Parties under the Kyoto Protocol,
Noting also the importance of developing a comprehensive global response to the problem of climate change,
Recognizing the importance of ensuring the environmental integrity of the Kyoto Protocol,
The documents validating climate change and it's needed intervention by countries is rather extensive. It goes back decades. This might take awhile.
continued in next entry...
Noting decision 1/CMP.7, (click here)
Outcome of the work of the Ad Hoc Working Group on Further Commitments for Annex I Parties under the Kyoto Protocol at its sixteenth session
The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol,
Recalling Article 3, paragraph 9, of the Kyoto Protocol,
See next entry:
Also recalling Article 20, paragraph 2, and Article 21, paragraph 7, of the Kyoto Protocol,
Further recalling decisions 1/CMP.1, 1/CMP.5 and 1/CMP.6,
Noting with appreciation the work of the Ad Hoc Working Group on Further Commitments for Annex I Parties under the Kyoto Protocol,
Noting also the importance of developing a comprehensive global response to the problem of climate change,
Recognizing the importance of ensuring the environmental integrity of the Kyoto Protocol,
The documents validating climate change and it's needed intervention by countries is rather extensive. It goes back decades. This might take awhile.
continued in next entry...
Recalling decision 1/CP.17 on the establishment of the Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action
15 March 2012
Conference of the Parties
Report of the Conference of the Parties on its seventeenth session, held in Durban from 28 November to 11 December 2011
Addendum
Part Two: Action taken by the Conference of the Parties at its seventeenth session
Decision 1/CP.17 Establishment of an Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform forEnhanced Action. (click here)
The Conference of the Parties,
Recognizing that climate change represents an urgent and potentially irreversible threat to human societies and the planet and thus requires to be urgently addressed by all Parties, and acknowledging that the global nature of climate change calls for the widest possible cooperation by all countries and their participation in an effective and appropriate international response, with a view to accelerating the reduction of global greenhouse gas emissions,
Noting with grave concern the significant gap between the aggregate effect of Parties’ mitigation pledges in terms of global annual emissions of greenhouse gases by 2020 and aggregate emission pathways consistent with having a likely chance of holding the increase in global average temperature below 2 °C or 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels,
Recognizing that fulfilling the ultimate objective of the Convention will require strengthening of the multilateral, rules-based regime under the Convention,...
continued in next entry...
Conference of the Parties
Report of the Conference of the Parties on its seventeenth session, held in Durban from 28 November to 11 December 2011
Addendum
Part Two: Action taken by the Conference of the Parties at its seventeenth session
Decision 1/CP.17 Establishment of an Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform forEnhanced Action. (click here)
The Conference of the Parties,
Recognizing that climate change represents an urgent and potentially irreversible threat to human societies and the planet and thus requires to be urgently addressed by all Parties, and acknowledging that the global nature of climate change calls for the widest possible cooperation by all countries and their participation in an effective and appropriate international response, with a view to accelerating the reduction of global greenhouse gas emissions,
Noting with grave concern the significant gap between the aggregate effect of Parties’ mitigation pledges in terms of global annual emissions of greenhouse gases by 2020 and aggregate emission pathways consistent with having a likely chance of holding the increase in global average temperature below 2 °C or 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels,
Recognizing that fulfilling the ultimate objective of the Convention will require strengthening of the multilateral, rules-based regime under the Convention,...
continued in next entry...
Being sexy, pretty, healthy and lovable is all part of being a woman. It doesn't matter the partner, a woman has a right to express her femininity. Being feminine is all a part of her abiding belief in feminism.
Femininity is not a science, it is not a culture, it is the outward expression of every woman no matter it's fashion flair or absence.
Being a woman defines the variety of outward expressions of self. That diversity defines the very need for feminist values.
Every time I look down on this timeless town
Whether blue or gray be her skies.
Whether loud be her cheers or whether soft be her tears,
More and more do I realize:
Whether blue or gray be her skies.
Whether loud be her cheers or whether soft be her tears,
More and more do I realize:
I love Paris in the springtime.
I love Paris in the fall.
I love Paris in the winter when it drizzles,
I love Paris in the summer when it sizzles.
I love Paris in the fall.
I love Paris in the winter when it drizzles,
I love Paris in the summer when it sizzles.
I love Paris every moment,
Every moment of the year.
I love Paris, why, oh why do I love Paris?
Because my love is near.'
Every moment of the year.
I love Paris, why, oh why do I love Paris?
Because my love is near.'
I love Paris in the springtime.
I love Paris in the fall.
I love Paris in the winter when it drizzles,
I love Paris in the summer when it sizzles.
I love Paris in the fall.
I love Paris in the winter when it drizzles,
I love Paris in the summer when it sizzles.
I love Paris every moment,
Every moment of the year.
I love Paris, why, oh why do I love Paris?
Because my love is near.'
Every moment of the year.
I love Paris, why, oh why do I love Paris?
Because my love is near.'
Paris' flag colors are red and blue.
There is some debate about the color ribbon of feminism.
African suffrage used the colors purple and white.
"A Feminist Dictionary" (click here) was published by Illinois University Press in 1996.
In the USA the color was gold or yellow.
"Colors were important (click here) in the iconography of the suffrage movement. The use of the color gold began with Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony's campaign in Kansas in 1867 and derived from the color of the sunflower, the Kansas state symbol. Suffragists used gold pins, ribbons, sashes, and yellow roses to symbolize their cause. In 1876, during the U.S. Centennial, women wore yellow ribbons and sang the song "The Yellow Ribbon." In 1916, suffragists staged "The Golden Lane" and the national Democratic convention; to reach the convention hall, all delegates had to walk through a line of women stretching several blocks long, dressed in white with gold sashes, carrying yellow umbrellas, and accompanied by hundreds of yards of draped gold bunting....
I think feminism needs to be revitalized in the USA and the color of the ribbon should be gold.
The yellow ribbon was tied around trees for POWs returning home. That is the origin of the song. It was sung for a returning Union POW when the Civil War ended.
I don't know of any other cause assigned the color gold and USA feminism has a history to claim that color. Hillary should define the feminist movement rather than allowing it to define her. Hillary Clinton's political campaign should consider distributing feminist ribbons at rallies.
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