The United States of America is completely out of step with the rest of the world. There is no excuse for this except petroleum industry greed.

October 8, 2018
By Stephanie Ebbs

Global temperatures (click here) could reach an irreversible tipping point in just... 

12 years 

...if the world doesn’t act dramatically to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere, scientists warned in a new report....

It is vitally important to understand the call for changes in the use of fossil fuels began in 1960. The scientists meant it then and they mean it ever more now. The time is running out and it is time to act. 

8 October 2018

Incheon, Republic of Korea, 8 Oct - Limiting global warming to 1.5ºC (click here) would require rapid, farreaching and unprecedented changes in all aspects of society, the IPCC said in a new assessment. With clear benefits to people and natural ecosystems, limiting global warming to 1.5ºC compared to 2ºC could go hand in hand with ensuring a more sustainable and equitable society, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) said on Monday. The Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5ºC was approved by the IPCC on Saturday in Incheon, Republic of Korea. It will be a key scientific input into the Katowice Climate Change Conference in Poland in December, when governments review the Paris Agreement to tackle climate change....

This report responds to the invitation for IPCC (click here) ‘... to provide a Special Report in 2018 on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways’ contained in the Decision of the 21st Conference of Parties of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change to adopt the Paris Agreement.1 The IPCC accepted the invitation in April 2016, deciding to prepare this Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty. This Summary for Policy Makers (SPM) presents the key findings of the Special Report, based on the assessment of the available scientific, technical and socio-economic literature2 relevant to global warming of 1.5°C and for the comparison between global warming of 1.5°C and 2°C above preindustrial levels. The level of confidence associated with each key finding is reported using the IPCC calibrated language.3 The underlying scientific basis of each key finding is indicated by references provided to chapter elements. In the SPM, knowledge gaps are identified associated with the underlying chapters of the report. 

The petroleum industry sucks all the oxygen out of the room, literally.

October 8, 2018
By Reed Landberg, Chisaki Watanabe and Heesu Lee

The world must invest $2.4trn in clean energy every year through 2035 (click here) and cut the use of coal-fired power to almost nothing by 2050 to avoid catastrophic damage from climate change, according to scientists convened by the United Nations (UN).

Their report published Monday adds pressure on policymakers and businesses to step up their response to global warming, which is boosting sea levels, making storms more violent and exacerbating poverty. The atmosphere is already almost 1 degree Celsius hotter than it was at the start of the industrial revolution and on track to rise 3 degrees by 2100, according to the report.

That’s double the pace targeted under the 2015 Paris climate agreements endorsed by almost 200 nations.

“We are already seeing the consequences of 1 degree of global warming through more extreme weather, rising sea levels and diminishing Arctic sea ice,” said Panmao Zhai, one of the co-chairs of the UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which brought together the work of hundreds of researchers and thousands of scientific papers.

Even a rise of 1.5 degrees would have massive consequences, including a “multi-meter rise in sea levels” over hundreds to thousands of years and a mass extinction of plants and animals. With a temperature increase of that scale, of the 105 000 species studied, 6% of insects, 8% of plants and 4% of vertebrates lose half their habitat. Those proportions double with a 2 degree gain....

The picture is an example of what causes dolphin deaths.

Drowned Hector's Dolphin Caught in Fishing Net (click here for information from WWF about Hector's Dolphin).

The world’s smallest, rarest dolphin (click here) lives in New Zealand. After the expansion of gill-netting in 1970, the population and range of Hector’s dolphin diminished rapidly. One extremely isolated subspecies, Maui’s dolphin, now numbers barely 100 individuals. Yet science has revealed that the species may yet recover, even from the brink of oblivion....

New Zealand values life and keeps close track of the species that live in and around New Zealand.

The Endangered Species Foundation (click here) has compiled a list of the New Zealand's Ten Most Endangered Species, ranked in order of those closest to becoming extinct. You can help to save the 'Rarest of the Rare', by becoming a Sponsor or Ambassador.

Maps and Time Series, August 2018 (click here)

The Paris Agreement (click here) is the new global agreement on climate change. It was adopted by Parties under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) on 12 December 2015. It commits all countries to take action on climate change.

The Paris Agreement entered into force on 4 November 2016 and will take effect from 2020. This means New Zealand’s commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, our Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), will apply from 2021. New Zealand’s NDC is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 30 per cent below 2005 levels by 2030.

The purpose of the Paris Agreement is to:

• keep the global average temperature well below 2° C above pre-industrial levels, while pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5° C
• strengthen the ability of countries to deal with the impacts of climate change
• make sure that financial flows support the development of low-carbon and climate-resilient economies.

The agreement provides a framework for the global response to climate change. Detailed rules, including the rules about the use of markets and the accounting for the land sector, will be negotiated from now until 2020....

Every country on Earth signed onto the Paris Accords. Then the USA under Trump welshed on it's participation to cater to the petroleum industry.

In November 2015, (click here) the New Zealand Government submitted an addendum to our INDC [UNFCCC website].

The addendum clarifies New Zealand's assumptions about accounting for human-generated greenhouse gas emissions and removals from forestry and other land use underpinning the INDC. These assumptions will inform New Zealand's participation in the negotiations on a new global climate change agreement.

The approach described in the addendum builds on the forestry accounting rules under the Kyoto Protocol which New Zealand currently uses to account for forestry emissions and removals. Under this approach, New Zealand would continue to earn credits for afforestation, and be liable for deforestation, while accommodating the ongoing cyclical effects of forest harvest and regrowth that occur as part of normal, sustainable forest management.

New Zealand ratified the Paris Agreement on 4 October 2016 and submitted our NDC to the UNFCCC.

Our NDC is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 30 per cent below 2005 levels by 2030....

"If you are younger than 31, you've never experienced this."

June 23, 2016
By Chris D'Angelo

Still not convinced (click here) the Earth is rapidly warming? Consider this: The last time the global monthly temperature was below average was February 1985.

That means if you are 30 years old or younger, there has not been a single month in your entire life that was colder than average.

“It’s a completely different world we’re already living in,” Mark Eakin, coordinator of NOAA’s Coral Reef Watch, told scientists gathered this week for the International Coral Reef Symposium in Honolulu. He added it likely won’t be long before that same age bracket has experienced only above-average temperatures....

New Zealand counts their population every five yeras.

New Zealand's current population is estimated at just over 4.75 million in 2018. The most recent census was held in 2018 but these results have not been released yet, however, we have the data from the previous census in 2013 when the total population was counted as 4,242,048.

New Zealand Surface Area and Population Density

The total surface area within New Zealand comes in at 270,467 kilometers squared (or 104,427.89 square miles). The population density is currently approximately 17.56 individuals per square kilometer, or roughly 6 people per square mile.

New Zealand's GDP per capita falls into most other countries it might call peers, Israel, Italy and the European counties.

Below is New Zealand's greenhouse gas emissions from 1970 through 2016. The country has made adjustments to stem the warming, but, New Zealand is a postage stamp on Earth and it's significance is real, but, when the USA and other much larger countries don't work as hard as New Zealand or harder to end greenhouse gas emissions Earth's physics is unrelenting.

In 2016, (click here) co2 emissions per capita for New Zealand was 7.14 metric tons. Though New Zealand CO2 emissions per capita fluctuated substantially in recent years, it tended to decrease through 1997 - 2016 period ending at 7.14 metric tons in 2016.

Current CO2 levels in Earth's troposphere.

Table 1 summarises the main features of these New Zealand climate projections. (click here) The future periods focussed on are labelled as “2040” (the 2031-2050 average), and “2090” (2081-2100 average). In the full report, a further period “2110” (2101-2120) was also considered. All the changes are relative to the 1986-2005 period (or “1995”), referred to as the baseline historical climate.

Table 1: New Zealand climate change projections for 2040 and 2090 (Ministry for the Environment, 2016).

The table below is longer than pictured here. Click link above for the entire table. Thank you. Every country in the world has climate scenarios. The USA chooses to ignore it's scenarios and the people are suffering because of it.

January 1, 1968

Authors: Robinson, E.; Robbins, R.C.

This analysis of the sources, abundance, and fate of gaseous atmospheric pollutants has considered three families of compounds - sulfurous, nitrogenous, and organic; and two inorganic carbon compounds - carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. With the exception of CO/sub 2/, we have followed similar patterns in our analyses of these materials and have produced rather detailed analyses. The presentation of CO/sub 2/ is only a brief review of the current state of thinking. This analysis has included estimates of annual world-wide emissions of pollutants: SO/sub 2/, H/sub 2/S, CO, NO/sub 2/, NH/sub 3/, and organics. The magnitudes of the natural emanations of a variety of materials have also been considered although we must admit that the means of estimating these emissions are very crude because so little study has been made of emissions from other than urban air pollution sources.

This research was in response to increasing greenhouse gases in the troposphere. The discussion of a climate crisis and unrelenting warming was discussed since Keeling's measurements of CO2 in 1960. 

Keeling accurately measures CO2 in the Earth's atmosphere and detects an annual rise. => CO2 greenhouse The level is 315 ppm. Mean global temperature (five-year average) is 13.9°C.

Scientists expected the USA government to take heed and avert any chance of chronic heating of Earth due to high greenhouse gases (GHG). When that didn't occur, Robinson and Robbins addressed a detailed study to the petroleum industry. The industry itself completely disregarded the warning and continued it's drilling and pollution.

Water risks for New Zealand as the warming of Earth continues (click here):

...- Water demand will be heightened during hot, dry summers.

- Longer summers with higher temperatures and lower rainfall will reduce soil moisture and    groundwater supplies.

- Drought intensity will likely increase over time. Drier conditions in some areas are likely to    be coupled with more frequent droughts.

- River flows are likely to be lower in summer and higher in winter.

- Lower river flows in summer will raise water temperatures and aggravate water quality problems (eg, through increased algae growth)....

Yet another measure of the Climate Crisis.

October 4, 2018

By Sean Flynn

...More to the point, (click here) it was more common than one would imagine for long-dead bodies to surface in melting glaciers.

Almost exactly a year earlier, in July 2016, the remains of a German skier missing since 1963 were found on a glacier in eastern Switzerland, near the Italian border. The year before that, two Japanese men who tried to climb the Matterhorn in 1970 were found far down the mountain. In 2012, the skeletons of Johann, Cletus, and Fidelis Ebener turned up on the Aletsch glacier, 86 years after they vanished. And Theiler couldn't know it yet, but a month later a German hiker last seen in 1987 would be dug out of another glacier in Valais, the same canton where he found the two bodies at the bottom of an intermediate ski run.

People have been disappearing on glaciers for as long as people have been walking on glaciers. And for most of human history, they were simply gone, vanished, entombed in a hopelessly deep, dense river of ice, carried away by a slow, grinding current. How many, no one knows, because that number is lost to time. For a benchmark, though: Since 1925 (when records first began to be kept), almost 300 people have disappeared in Valais alone, though not all, of course, on a glacier....

...According to one recent study, the glacier atop Alaska's Mount Hunter is melting at the fastest rate in 400 years. Colombia's glaciers have thinned by a third since the mid-1990s and are on track to disappear entirely in 30 years. In the Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau, two-thirds of the glacial mass could be gone by the turn of the century. And Glacier National Park in Montana—which was named for the 150 or so glaciers once there—today has fewer than 30. “The rate of change now in the mountain glaciers is already faster than anything we see in the geological record,” says Joerg M. Schaefer, a climate geochemist at Columbia University's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory. “They just fly back. And it's accelerating.”...

This rapid melt is not surprising to me. The heat of infrared is building in altitude. As years and not even decades go by now, the heat is rising to thousands of feet and not simply to the frost line as was the case not long ago. At least it doesn't seem long ago to me, about three decades have passed since the worst of the warming began.

As the heat rises in altitude there will be faster melting of snow and glaciers. The problem with the heat melting the snow is that ends the recharge of the glacier. Recharge occurs over time with a great deal of weight of the snow year after year accumulation. When the snow melts there is no recharge and then the glacier begins to deteriorate because there is no recharge and the heat is directly against the ice. Glacier ice is dense and beautiful, but, the melting point is still just above zero degrees Centigrade. 

...Even in the summer, thunderheads can gather quickly in the east and drag over the peaks, and fog can descend fast and viscous. The effect is utterly disorienting, every landmark erased, no spatial cues, not even footprints, to confirm that you've turned one way or another. The visible world restricts to inches, which is a dangerously short distance at 3,000 meters. It was more dangerous eight decades ago, or ten, or a thousand, when the glacier was still massive, a wide, fat sheet deep as a frozen lake, gouged with cracks 30, 40, even 50 meters deep. One step in the fog could easily be a step into oblivion. Which is what most likely happened to the mummies at the bottom of the intermediate slope....

It is s beautifully written article. As a side note there are modern day map finders that will help on any hike or slope. However, that is not a communication device. It provides the user with her/his location to navigate a transect or the road less traveled.

There are also apps that can help that take into account mountain terrain. But, to be as safe as possible there are "Trackers" that follow the course one has chosen. The one below is an example.

"Follow My Challenge" (click here) 

The dangers the lost people encountered are real even today. But, also is the added uncertainty of melting ice and not simply melt water. Today, running melt water is also a concern. These are beautiful adventures and those that can should pursue them, but, to it with full knowledge of what you may encounter. There is no guarantee with the Climate Crisis, however.

Or perhaps it is best said by the sign at the Les Diablerets gift shop in three different languages, “Weather conditions can change rapidly. We invite you to be careful and to follow marked tracks. Be particularly careful in the event of fog or snowfall."

Flooding wreaks havoc in New Zealand (click here for New Zealand's flood list - thank you)

It's Sunday Night

Melissa (click here) entered Parliament as a National list MP following National’s victory in the 2008 election. Her election made her the first Korean women to hold office outside of Korea, and New Zealand’s first Korean MP.

Born in Korea, and growing up in Malaysia, Melissa moved to New Zealand as a young adult in 1988. Melissa’s background has ensured her place as a strong advocate for New Zealand's diverse ethnic communities within the National Government....

New Zealand's National Anthem with Lyrics (click here for full lyrics - thank you)

Since I have to create my own hotspot to blog this evening. I never did this before, so don't expect success.

It may be best to postpone it until tomorrow.

Until later.

The New Zealand national anthem.

There are two national anthems for New Zealand; one in English and the other Maori. I will list the Maori and then the English, but, that is not a direct interpretation of the Maori language. The each anthem stands on it's own.

Māori "Aotearoa"

"God Defend New Zealand"

1. E Ihowā Atua,
O ngā iwi mātou rā
Āta whakarangona;
Me aroha noa
Kia hua ko te pai;
Kia tau tō atawhai;
Manaakitia mai
Aotearoa

1. God of Nations at Thy feet,
In the bonds of love we meet,
Hear our voices, we entreat,
God defend our free land.
Guard Pacific's triple star
From the shafts of strife and war,
Make her praises heard afar,
God defend New Zealand.

2. Ōna mano tāngata
Kiri whero, kiri mā,
Iwi Māori, Pākehā,
Rūpeke katoa,
Nei ka tono ko ngā hē
Māu e whakaahu kē,
Kia ora mārire
Aotearoa

2. Men of every creed and race,
Gather here before Thy face,
Asking Thee to bless this place,
God defend our free land.
From dissension, envy, hate,
And corruption guard our state,
Make our country good and great,
God defend New Zealand.

3. Tōna mana kia tū!

Tōna kaha kia ū;
Tōna rongo hei pakū
Ki te ao katoa
Aua rawa ngā whawhai
Ngā tutū e tata mai;
Kia tupu nui ai
Aotearoa

3. Peace, not war, shall be our boast,
But, should foes assail our coast,
Make us then a mighty host,
God defend our free land.
Lord of battles in Thy might,
Put our enemies to flight,
Let our cause be just and right,
God defend New Zealand.

4. Waiho tona takiwā
Ko te ao mārama;
Kia whiti tōna rā
Taiāwhio noa.
Ko te hae me te ngangau
Meinga kia kore kau;
Waiho i te rongo mau
Aotearoa

4. Let our love for Thee increase,
May Thy blessings never cease,
Give us plenty, give us peace,
God defend our free land.
From dishonour and from shame,
Guard our country's spotless name,
Crown her with immortal fame,
God defend New Zealand.

5. Tōna pai me toitū
Tika rawa, pono pū;
Tōna noho, tāna tū;
Iwi nō Ihowā.
Kaua mōna whakamā;
Kia hau te ingoa;
Kia tū hei tauira;
Aotearoa

5. May our mountains ever be
Freedom's ramparts on the sea,
Make us faithful unto Thee,
God defend our free land.
Guide her in the nations' van,
Preaching love and truth to man,
Working out Thy glorious plan,
God defend New Zealand.

There are also issues with Israel and Russia and Russian media are talking anti-Semitism.

These are the reasons American presidents come out and denounce act by Israel when it seems to over reach into Syria and the Golan Heights and/or Gaza or whatever. American presidents have to take the part of Israel regardless of it's actions with strict understandings as to the limits Israel has in the Middle East, but, letting the rest of the world know, Israel is still an ally.

This media interpretation of Israel's jets into Syria to end arms to Hezbollah can act to raise hatred. There are approximately 186,000 Russian Jews. When hatred is laced with nationalism, the feels toward these people can change. President Putin can change this media confrontation of Israel, but, will he do it before there is a Jewish tragedy in Russia?

One other thing, there are some news reports stating while Israeli politicians are stating the defense of northern Israel is the same, the reality is the IDF may be seeing a hardening of the border with Syria because of Russian's defense deterrent. There needs to be clarification with Russia by the USA as to the protection of Israel's northern border and the arming of Hezbollah.

October 4, 2018
By Dmitry Sumsky

And so, brothers and sisters, (click here) because of the malicious provocation of the Jewish air force, our airplane, with 15 Russian souls on board, was downed by the friendly fire of our ally. The Jewish aircraft took cover behind our larger plane, in keeping with the Eastern ruses that have characterized this people for thousands of years. How and why were the Jews able to fly in airspace that Russia had entirely closed to flights from foreign aircraft?

The answer is clear: The Jews’ leaders come to Moscow and repeatedly whine and ultimately Russia permits them to do things beyond the letter of the rules. Russian President Vladimir Putin and Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu embrace and finalize things man-to-man, but we all know how Jewish men stand by their Jewish word – and we are witness to the difficult outcome.

No, this isn’t the official Russian interpretation of the interception of a Russian Ilyushin-20 cargo plane by Syrian anti-aircraft missiles (the September 17 disaster, as it has been called by Russia’s media). It’s a synopsis of a discussion between the two leading commentators of the extremist nationalist-religious Rusprav “Pravoslavic Russia” internet channel.

One of the two, Konstantin Dushenov, is a journalist who calls himself “anti-Semitic in the loftiest and most noble sense of the word,” and who in the past was sentenced to a jail term for racist incitement. The other is Andrei Papalov, who is also one of the most prominent self-declared anti-Semitic journalists in contemporary Russia....

To be clear, the complaints regarding Kavanaugh's lying in regard to sexual assault is not the first egregious complaint.

Real objections to Kavanaugh were brought forward other than the sexual assault issues. Kavanaugh has abused his power before for his political leanings. An article about the Miranda case is below and relates to the theft of Democratic e-mails. The other case is even more egregious in that Kavanaugh assisted judges to the bench under "W" that should have not been placed.

Kavanaugh is a political operative FOR THE FEDERALIST SOCIETY. He just is. There is no doubt to that fact and that became very obvious in the US Senate Judicial Committee hearings. Between the doubt about this nomination with two counts of unethical standards facing him; the testimony by Dr. Ford and others should have made it obvious Kavanaugh has issues no one can solve and does not belong on the Supreme Court of the USA.

To the Republicans on the US Senate Judicial Committee, none of the objects mattered. The Republicans had the votes to advance THEIR POLITICAL OPERATIVE and did so. Now, the USA Supreme Court has to be scrutinized for whether or not their majority opinions are based on law or Republican politics. Kavanaugh does not have the moral fabric to be an ethical judge nor do I expect his decisions to be based in law.

KAVANAUGH IS AN ACTIVIST JUDGE. Plain and simple.

The real issue beyond all the fact checking and political leanings of the Robert's Court majority; is that the Democrats need to seek more and stronger majorities in the US House and US Senate with the people to clean up the judiciary where it is appropriate to do so. The American people deserve more than knee deep corruption of the judiciary by Republican operatives within the power structure of government and yes; that means Kavanaugh as well.

September 10, 2018
By Michael Martin

During confirmation hearings last week, (click here) Supreme Court nominee Brett Kavanaugh was asked about his relationship to former GOP Senate aide Manuel Miranda. Today on Slate, a lawyer wrote that because of his answer, Kavanaugh should not be confirmed to the Supreme Court, and in fact should be impeached from his current position on the U.S. Court of Appeals....

September 17, 2018
By Salvador Rizzo

...The overarching accusation (click here) is that Kavanaugh whitewashed his record, distancing himself from thorny political events instead of owning up to his role. A cache of emails and documents that have been released over the last few weeks proves Kavanaugh did not tell the truth, Democrats say. At his confirmation hearing for the Supreme Court this month, Kavanaugh rejected these allegations, and the White House has denied them.

“Time and again, Kavanaugh appears to have misled the Senate under oath,” Sen. Patrick J. Leahy (D-Vt.), a former chairman of the Judiciary Committee, wrote in a Washington Post op-ed on Sept. 13.

Democrats have not gone so far as to accuse Kavanaugh of perjury, although their allegations walk right up to the line. Two liberal groups, People for the American Way and the Democratic Coalition, have filed formal complaints...


 

Kavanaugh was voted into the Supreme Court by 51 votes representing 30 states and 40.64 percent of the USA.

The current TILT of the USA Senate represents approximately 40 percent of the USA population with Texas at 8.6 percent of the 40 percent. The 51 vote Republican majority is making decisions for the entire USA with only a representation of 40 percent of the population. There is a reason so many Americans are unhappy and some angry. The majority of the USA does not agree with the outcomes of this Congress with Trump (Republican Plutocrat extremist) as President.

60 percent of Americans did not have a say in the Kavanaugh nomination in the US Senate.

Listed below are seven states that have one US House Representative and their population density per square mile in 2013. Of course, these same states have 2 US Senators.

As a side note, denying women abortion and contraception might fit well into religion as a high moral content for the Republicans. However, increasing the population in denying abortion and contraception in Red States brings more US House Representatives to "The Party." Increasing the USA population is often said frequently as an economic strategy for Wall Street.

The Working Poor still have it rough, but, increasing the wages across the country is helping. Theirs is now a very valid reason for a mandatory increase of the minimum wage to $15.00 per hour. THAT is the real strategy to increase economic growth, not increasing the population artificially by imposing a pregnancy on women. Higher amounts of circulating capital is economic growth with or without population increase. Population increase is about government representation.

When the minimum wage is $15.00 per hour, the medical needs of that population do not change. Lack of a real Medicaid Expansion in all fifty states will result in hardship for these folks. The Medicaid Expansion as written by the US House under President Obama will buffer this population from losses of income to medical bills and/or ill health and/or death. The Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansion increases the quality of life to Americans and is the highest moral ground anyone can uphold.

Not to ignore the honorable US Senator Bernie Sanders, "Medicare for All" would have the same outcome in that it would standardize health care for all Americans. "Medicare for All" upholds equality for all Americans in their opportunity for wellness and quality of life.

Alaska
2010 Census 710,249 population
Estimated population 2016 - 741,894; 0.23 pecent of US population 2016
1 US House Representative
     1.3 Americans per square mile
     710,231 Americans per US House Representative 2010 Census 

Delaware
2010 Census 897,936 population
Estimated population 2016 - 952,065; 0.30 percent of US population 2016
1 US House Representative
     475.1 Americans per square mile

     897,934 Americans per US House Representatives 2010 Census

Montana
2010 Census 989,417 population
Estimated population 2016 - 1,042,520; 0.32 percent of US Population 2016
1 US House Representative
     7 Americans per square mile

     989,415 Americans per US House Representative 2010 Census

North Dakota
2010 Census 672,591 population
Estimated population 2016 - 757,952; 0.24 percent of US population 2016
1 US House Representative
     10.5 Americans per square mile

     672,591 Americans per US House Representative 2010 Census

South Dakota
2010 Census 814,191 population
Estimated population 2016 - 865,454; 0.27 percent of US population 2016
1 US House Representative
     11.1 Americans per square mile

     814,180 Americans per US House Representative 2010 Census 

Vermont
2010 Census 625,745 population
Estimated population 2016 - 624,594; 0.19 percent of US population 2016
1 US House Representative
     68 Americans per square mile

     625,741 Americans per US House Representative 2010 Census

Wyoming
2010 Census 563,767 population
Estimated population 2016 - 585,501; 0.18 percent of US population 2016 
1 US House Representative
     6 Americans per square mile
     563,262 Americans per US House Representative 2010 Census 
                    
New Mexico
2010 Census 2,059,192 population
Estimted populatino 2016 - 2,081,015; 0.64 percent of US population 2016
3 US House Representative
     17.2 Americans per square mile

     686,393 per US House Representatives