1. The Parties included in Annex I shall, individually or jointly, ensure that their aggregate anthropogenic carbon dioxide equivalent emissions of the greenhouse gases listed in Annex A do not exceed their assigned amounts, calculated pursuant to their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments inscribed in Annex B and in accordance with the provisions of this Article, with a view to reducing their overall emissions of such gases by at least 5 per cent below 1990 levels in the commitment period 2008 to 2012.
Any country could use other forms of energy including natural gas/methane. The emissions of methane into the troposphere was to be measured in CO2 equivalents to insure the overall emissions would not exceed the protocol. Methane also emits carbon dioxide. That would be counted in a country's total.
2. Each Party included in Annex I shall, by 2005, have made demonstrable progress in achieving its commitments under this Protocol.
At the time of Kyoto it was noted here were reductions ongoing by most of the countries. Kyoto was to commit higher reductions to push Earth back from the brink.
3. The net changes in greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks resulting from direct human-induced land-use change and forestry activities, limited to afforestation, reforestation and deforestation since 1990, measured as verifiable changes in carbon stocks in each commitment period, shall be used to meet the commitments under this Article of each Party included in Annex I. The greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks associated with those activities shall be reported in a transparent and verifiable manner and reviewed in accordance with Articles 7 and 8.
Carbon sinks are vital to balancing the greenhouse gases of Earth's troposphere. The monitoring of carbon sinks to realize it's ability to maintain it's status as a sink was vital to the protocols. It isn't and wasn't or will be about tree hugging. God's green Earth has carbon sinks and they serve a purpose.
4. Prior to the first session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, each Party included in Annex I shall provide, for consideration by the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice, data to establish its level of carbon stocks in 1990 and to enable an estimate to be made of its changes in carbon stocks in subsequent years. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, at its first session or as soon as practicable thereafter, decide upon modalities, rules and guidelines as to how, and which, additional human-induced activities related to changes in greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks in the agricultural soils and the land-use change and forestry categories shall be added to, or subtracted from, the assigned amounts for Parties included in Annex I, taking into account uncertainties, transparency in reporting, verifiability, the methodological work of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the advice provided by the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice in accordance with Article 5 and the decisions of the Conference of the Parties. Such a decision shall apply in the second and subsequent commitment periods. A Party may choose to apply such a decision on these additional human-induced activities for its first commitment period, provided that these activities have taken place since 1990.
The equation. The emission levels were not to be measured simply by emissions, but, also the status of carbon sinks and modifications of energy use for greater efficiency. This protocol was very fluid. It allowed for any effort to reduce and end greenhouse gas emissions.
The USA's NOAA continually monitors corals in the region. This is one of the realities of our corals:
It was the extreme politics and cronys that ended a USA commitment.
Any country could use other forms of energy including natural gas/methane. The emissions of methane into the troposphere was to be measured in CO2 equivalents to insure the overall emissions would not exceed the protocol. Methane also emits carbon dioxide. That would be counted in a country's total.
2. Each Party included in Annex I shall, by 2005, have made demonstrable progress in achieving its commitments under this Protocol.
At the time of Kyoto it was noted here were reductions ongoing by most of the countries. Kyoto was to commit higher reductions to push Earth back from the brink.
3. The net changes in greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks resulting from direct human-induced land-use change and forestry activities, limited to afforestation, reforestation and deforestation since 1990, measured as verifiable changes in carbon stocks in each commitment period, shall be used to meet the commitments under this Article of each Party included in Annex I. The greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks associated with those activities shall be reported in a transparent and verifiable manner and reviewed in accordance with Articles 7 and 8.
Carbon sinks are vital to balancing the greenhouse gases of Earth's troposphere. The monitoring of carbon sinks to realize it's ability to maintain it's status as a sink was vital to the protocols. It isn't and wasn't or will be about tree hugging. God's green Earth has carbon sinks and they serve a purpose.
4. Prior to the first session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, each Party included in Annex I shall provide, for consideration by the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice, data to establish its level of carbon stocks in 1990 and to enable an estimate to be made of its changes in carbon stocks in subsequent years. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, at its first session or as soon as practicable thereafter, decide upon modalities, rules and guidelines as to how, and which, additional human-induced activities related to changes in greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks in the agricultural soils and the land-use change and forestry categories shall be added to, or subtracted from, the assigned amounts for Parties included in Annex I, taking into account uncertainties, transparency in reporting, verifiability, the methodological work of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the advice provided by the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice in accordance with Article 5 and the decisions of the Conference of the Parties. Such a decision shall apply in the second and subsequent commitment periods. A Party may choose to apply such a decision on these additional human-induced activities for its first commitment period, provided that these activities have taken place since 1990.
The equation. The emission levels were not to be measured simply by emissions, but, also the status of carbon sinks and modifications of energy use for greater efficiency. This protocol was very fluid. It allowed for any effort to reduce and end greenhouse gas emissions.
The USA's NOAA continually monitors corals in the region. This is one of the realities of our corals:
NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Service) (click here) designated critical habitat for elkhorn and staghorn corals in November 2008 in four areas:
- Florida
- Puerto Rico
- St. John/ St. Thomas
- St. Croix
It was the extreme politics and cronys that ended a USA commitment.
