Sunday, April 19, 2020

Broadcast media is under seige due to the Trump Administation seeking control of the messages to the country.

Hugh Hewitt is guilty of "quid pro quo" in his advocacy for a single media network controlled by the federal government in a recent appearance of the past few weeks.

May 20, 1918
By Tom Kludt

In a statement released (click here) Wednesday, a spokesperson for MSNBC said that Hewitt "was given a verbal warning as such activity is a violation of our standards."


The revelation of a request for a meeting between Pruitt and Hewitt's law firm came earlier this week after a cache of internal emails was released as a result of a Freedom of Information Act lawsuit by the environmental group The Sierra Club.


In one of the correspondences from September, first reported by Politico, the MSNBC host asked Pruitt for a meeting with lawyers from Hewitt's firm who represent a water district that sought federal help to clean up a toxic waste site in Orange County, California, where Hewitt lives.


Weeks later, the site was placed on Pruitt's list of areas designated for "immediate and intense" action.


Hewitt did not respond to a request for comment....


It appears to me he is up to his neck in corruption. I believe this is the aquafer involved in corruption. While it has issues, it is not a Superfund Site that effects the lives of people or livestock.

Report (click here)

,,,3.3.3 RESOURCES There is no evidence that groundwater within the target distance limit is used for commercial irrigation, livestock, food preparation, aquaculture, or supply for a major or designated water recreation area (Ref. 1, Section 3.3.3). In addition, scoring the Resources Factor Value would not affect the listing decision. Resources Factor Value: 0...

US EPA Director Andrew Wheeler should be all over this thing along with a couple of Inspector Generals.

May 7, 2018
By Emily Holden and Anthony Adragna

EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt (click here) placed a polluted California area on his personal priority list of Superfund sites targeted for “immediate and intense” action after conservative radio and television host Hugh Hewitt brokered a meeting between him and lawyers for the water district that was seeking federal help to clean up the polluted Orange County site.

The previously unreported meeting, which was documented in emails released by EPA under a Freedom of Information Act lawsuit by the Sierra Club, showed Pruitt’s staff reacting quickly to the request last September by Hewitt, who has been one of Pruitt’s staunchest defenders amid a raft of ethics controversies around his expensive travel, security team spending and a cheap Washington condo rental from a lobbyist....

Antarctica experienced a tipping point this year.

...These tipping points (click here) can form a cascade, with each one triggering others, creating an irreversible shift to a hotter world. A new study suggests that changes to ocean circulation could be the driver of such a cascade....

A group of researchers, led by Tim Lenton at Exeter University, England, first warned in a landmark paper 11 years ago about the risk of climate tipping points. Back then, they thought the dangers would only arise when global warming exceeded 5 degrees Celsius (9 degrees Fahrenheit) above pre-industrial levels. But last week, Lenton and six co-authors argued in the journal Nature that the risks are now much more likely and much more imminent. Some tipping points, they said, may already have been breached at the current 1 degree C of warming....

Exactly. The earlier discussions of the climate crisis saw it happening much later than it actually is happening. I don't know why, zero degrees centigrade is only a smidge away from 32.1 degrees centigrade. But, that point is mute. The climate crisis is here and we are currently looking at 3 degrees C and that is catastrophic. The very correct point of view is the fact there are tipping points in the arctic, including permafrost. I am not surprised scientists are looking at the hottest year on Earth. It can be very likely that if the GHGs of the troposphere isn't mitigated, every year going forward will be the hottest on record because of the tipping points in Antarctica.

April 16, 2020
By Doyle Rice

Federal scientists (click here) announced Thursday that 2020 has nearly a 75% chance of being the warmest year on record for the planet Earth.

Already, through the first three months of the year, it's the second-warmest on record, trailing only the El Niño fueled year of 2016, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) said.

This year's warmth is "unusual," given the lack of a strong El Niño, a natural warming of tropical Pacific Ocean water that influences temperatures worldwide, according to Deke Arndt of NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information.

He said both February and March were the warmest months on record without an El Niño present. The long-term trend of ongoing heat the planet continues to see is primarily because of the emission of greenhouse gases from the burning of fossil fuels, he said....
Also read, "Committee to Protect Journalism" (click here)

April 19, 2020

The sign states, "Stop Fascism."

A SERBIAN journalist was detained by police on April 1, (click here) on charges of causing public unrest and damaging a hospital’s reputation after reporting about a shortage of protective medical equipment available for staff at a medical centre in the northern Vojvodina province.

Ana Lalić, a journalist of the Nova.rs news portal, was released on April 2nd following public pressure.

Serbian President Aleksandar Vucic, who has been accused of ‘trying to whack’ one of his main political rival in a Sopranos-esque attack, ordered his Prime Minister to release Ana Brnabic.

Serb Republican Party Opposition leader Nikola Sandulovic was reportedly ‘arrested and poisoned’ by Serbian Police during the Eastern European nations Coronavirus ‘state of emergency’ after he spoke out about faulty Chinese Coronavirus tests, according to bombshell exclusively revealed by Politicalite.

Mr Sandulovic, who is the leader of the opposition ‘Republican party’ in Serbia is well known in the Eastern European country and is said to be “a huge opponent” of current Serb President Aleksandar Vucic....

...Prime Minister Brnabić said she was sorry the journalist had been detained but added that “spreading fake news in an emergency situation is a serious offence.”

Serbia is the hardest-hit country in the region: as of Wednesday (1 April), there were 1,060 confirmed cases of COVID-19 and 28 deaths with 14,371 people tested.

Serbia ranks 90th in the media freedom watchdog Reporters Without Borders’ Press Freedom Index, below Hungary (87) and Albania (82).

The arrest is an example that “democracy and freedoms in Serbia have come to an end, that institutions have become a means of dealing with journalists,” said the Independent Journalists’ Society of Vojvodina (NDNV) in a statement.

Concern has been rising across the continent that the emergency measures introduced by national governments may erode freedom of speech and the press.

It is very hard to believe NOX and SOX are still pollutants in the year 2020.

April 16, 2020
by Jeff McMahan

Graph (click here)

Nitrous oxide (N2O) gas (click here) should not be confused with nitric oxide (NO) or nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Neither nitric oxide nor nitrogen dioxide are greenhouse gases, although they are important in the process of creation of tropospheric ozone which is a greenhouse gas.  There are several sources of nitrous oxide, both natural and anthropogenic (human), to the atmosphere with many of these sources difficult to measure. Because of this, there is general agreement that the atmospheric sources and sinks of nitrous oxide are difficult to bring into balance. Figure 10 shows the global biogeochemical of nitrous oxide involving transfers between Earth’s surface and atmosphere....

Air pollution in some cities is less than half what it was a year ago, according to new data from the satellite that has been documenting the impact of the coronavirus lockdown on air pollution across the world.

Paris has seen nitrogen dioxide drop by 54 percent, while Madrid, Milan and Rome saw a drop of nearly 50%, according to scientists from the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, who have been monitoring air pollution over Europe using data from the Tropomi instrument aboard the European Space Agency’s Copernicus Sentinel-5P satellite....

...The scientists adjusted the data across a 15-day average to compensate for weather changes that can also influence NO2 levels in the atmosphere. They also claim a hefty 15 percent margin of error.

Nitrogen dioxide is a noxious gas that has been linked to respiratory problems and other health conditions. It also reacts with other chemicals in the atmosphere to form fine particulate pollution, which health agencies have identified as the leading cause of the world’s 7 million annual deaths from air pollution.

NO2 comes from the combustion of fossil fuels in vehicles, power plants and factories. The European scientists monitor it as a bellwether for other pollutants that derive from the same sources, including greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change....

Newspapers need to be the place people CAN TRUST to provide the truth to a dangerous virus.

19 April 2020
By Rachel Cooke

...Since mid-March, (click here) the BBC has seen a huge increase in numbers watching its news programmes. The audience for the BBC News at One has risen 85%, the News at Six 74%, and the News at Ten of by 50%. The evening news programmes, and the two on which Walsh and his colleague Hugh Pym, the BBC’s health editor, appear most often, now have a combined nightly audience of around 12.8 million – and no wonder. It isn’t only that audiences are hungry for information. Between them, Walsh and Pym, together with their producers and cameramen, are delivering powerful journalism: most notably their reports from inside intensive care units at, respectively, University College Hospital in London and Addenbrooke’s Hospital in Cambridge....
April 18, 2020

Journalist Büşra Erdal, as she was detained.

Büşra Erdal, a jailed journalist (click here) struggling with a judicial system that has deteriorated since a coup attempt in Turkey in 2016, said in a recent letter that it’s not just the coronavirus but also injustice that kills.

Erdal has been held in İstanbul’s Bakırköy Prison since 2016, among the dozens of journalists jailed immediately after an abortive putsch, for alleged membership in the Gülen movement, which is accused of orchestrating the failed coup. The movement strongly denies any involvement.

She was given a six year, three month jail sentence, and her appeal is pending at the Supreme Court of Appeals.

Even if the high court upholds the sentence, she has already served the required 44 months and is entitled to be released on probation.

The prosecutor investigating her case cited Erdal’s news stories and tweets as well as stating that she had been working for the Zaman newspaper, a daily affiliated with the Gülen movement.

Ali Akkuş, another journalist tried in the same case as Erdal, recently was released on probation, a decision that indicates discrimination even among jailed journalists.

“Since the Supreme Court of Appeals is delaying the verdict, I’m being forced to suffer more because I already served my time,” Erdal wrote in the letter to the Ahval news website....

The magnificent, wonderful and extremely brilliant scientists at Yale Climate Connections have answers about warming.

March 27, 2020
By Samantha Harrington

Chart by Climate Central (click here)

You likely have heard about global warming in the news, (click here) at school or from a friend. And so you probably have questions such as, “What is causing this warming?” and “What role do humans play in that warming?” and “What’s the science behind the warming?”

According to widely cited research, more than 97% of climate scientists agree that the planet has been warming during the past several decades and that the warming is overwhelmingly the result of human activities.

That conclusion is also shared by the U.S.’s most respected scientific organization, the National Academies of Sciences, and by its counterpart organizations worldwide. The National Academies of Sciences, in a 2020 update to its “Climate Change Evidence and Causes” report, concluded that “Natural causes alone are inadequate to explain the recent observed changes in climate.” It added that “only when models include human influences on the composition of the atmosphere are the resulting temperature changes consistent with observed changes.” Those conclusions are strengthened because they are based on observed, and not simply modeled, global temperatures.

To figure out the causes behind rising global temperatures, scientists start with what is known: They know based on scientific evidence that the planet is warming, and they have long known that greenhouse gases warm Earth’s atmosphere. They know too that humans emit large quantities of those same heat-trapping gases – most importantly including carbon dioxide – by burning fossil fuels and the release of the resulting emissions to the atmosphere....

Higher levels of particulates in the air leads to lund damage. Lung damage is a co-morbidity to COVID-19.

April 18, 2020
By Nedra Rhone

As the coronavirus pandemic (click here) continues to ravage communities around the world, it has challenged most every aspect of life as we know it. But in at least one area, its impact appears to be double-edged. Air pollution has exacerbated health outcomes of COVID-19, the disease caused by the novel coronavirus, but the pandemic may also be helping — at least temporarily — to clean the air we breathe.


A recent Harvard University study revealed that long-term exposure to polluted air makes COVID-19 more deadly because pollution worsens complications of respiratory illnesses like the coronavirus. At the same time, cities around the globe report plummeting pollution levels that coincide with lockdowns aimed at slowing the spread of the virus. While any gains in improved air quality are likely temporary, experts say, taken as a whole, the data reinforces the importance of air quality and should offer guidance on future policy.


This week, Andrew R. Wheeler, the head of the Environmental Protection Agency, said the agency would not tighten controls on particle pollution known as PM2.5 — tiny lung-damaging particles in the air that come from power plants, cars, airplanes and burning — citing insufficient scientific evidence to support a change to standards enacted in 2012. Though PM2.5 levels fell by 39% between 2000 and 2018, data has shown an uptick in some regions of the country since 2016. Under current standards, PM2.5 contributes to about 45,000 deaths each year, according to the EPA...


Mr. Wheeler is not capable of leading the US EPA because his priorities are anti-human and pro-business. Mr. Wheeler is corrupt. If you want to know THE TRUTH look to organizations like the "American Lung Association."



Particle pollution (click here) refers to a mix of tiny solid and liquid particles that are in the air we breathe. Many of the particles are so small as to be invisible, but when levels are high, the air becomes opaque. But nothing about particle pollution is simple. And it is so dangerous that it can shorten your life.
Size matters. Particles themselves are different sizes. Some are one-tenth the diameter of a strand of hair. Many are even tinier; some are so small they can only be seen with an electron microscope. Because of their size, you can't see the individual particles. You can only see the haze that forms when millions of particles blur the spread of sunlight....
...Researchers categorize particles according to size, grouping them as coarse, fine and ultrafine. Coarse particles (shown as blue dots in the illustration) fall between 2.5 microns and 10 microns in diameter and are called PM10-2.5. Fine particles (shown as pink dots in the illustration) are 2.5 microns in diameter or smaller and are called PM2.5. Ultrafine particles (not shown) are smaller than 0.1 micron in diameter1 and are small enough to pass through the lung tissue into the blood stream, circulating like the oxygen molecules themselves. No matter what the size, particles can harm your health....
March 25, 2020

eMarketer (click here for audio recording) junior analyst Blake Droesch and senior analyst Jasmine Enberg discuss how COVID-19 changed social media engagement, platform advertising and influencer behavior. They then talk about TikTok's new "Transparency Center," the optimal social media posting lengths, Facebook Stories in other places and Instagram's disappearing text messages feature.

The great and spectacularly wonderful scientists came up with an idea of "cloud brightening" to pass shadow on the Great Barrier Reef.

April 18, 2020

An ambitious "cloud brightening" experiment (click here) has been carried out over Australia's Great Barrier Reef in an early-stage trial that scientists hope could become a futuristic way to protect coral from global warming.

In an attempt to cool waters around the reef by making clouds reflect more sunlight, researchers said they used a boat-mounted fan similar to a snow cannon to shoot salt crystals into the air.
Results from the trial were "really, really encouraging", the project's lead scientist Daniel Harrison from Southern Cross University said on Friday.
"All the research is theoretical... so this an absolute world first to go out and actually try and take seawater and turn it into these cloud condensation nuclei," he told AFP.
Harrison stressed that despite the success of the experiment, at least four years of further research would be needed to prove the theory.
Warmer seas caused by climate change have damaged the health of the Great Barrier Reef, the world's largest coral system.
The experiment was carried out by the university and the Sydney Institute of Marine Science late last month, just before a comprehensive scientific survey found that the reef had suffered its most widespread coral bleaching on record....
As we move toward summer and into autumn, the public needs to be aware of COVID-19. What might be a drop off in the summer will return with vengeance in the autumn and winter.

Planning and knowledge of the destination no matter where one is planning to eat dinner or do some sunbathing is important to predict the danger one might face in the world in the year 2020.

March 24, 2020
By Patrick Kulp

...Quarantine culture (click here) is already causing drastic shifts in the imagery and copy that brands use to advertise on social media.

That’s according to data from marketing tech firm Pattern89, which used machine learning to track a 30% dip in social media ads featuring images or video of everyday human contact—hugging, kissing and holding hands—since March 12 amid the coronavirus pandemic hitting the United States.

At the same time, visuals associated with hand-washing have increased sixfold and those featuring travel—key terms like “airport” and “airplane”—are down about 8%. Imagery featuring electronics has also risen steadily in recent weeks to the point where 39% of social ads now include at least one device, perhaps as a consequence of increased reliance on these tools in the absence of human interaction....


It's Sunday Night

Do you know where SARS-CoV-2 is hiding?

April 17, 2020
By Megan Roos

Beaches and parks (click here) in Santa Cruz County reopened Thursday as California and other states across the country began discussing plans to lift stay-at-home orders. Public spaces in California counties that have been harder hit by the coronavirus pandemic remain closed.

"We are, please, asking you not to congregate into groups, because that's going to force us to probably shut this down again," Santa Cruz Chief of Police Andrew Mills warned residents Thursday....

I suppose you can ask, but, the beaches and vacation spots are there for fun and romance. Most of the time beach blankets are usually six feet apart. I suppose the new bikini line is going to be a "face mask line."

There are problems with hiking trails. As one closes the other receive more traffic and that is just asking for trouble. So, if one park is going to open there needs to be an agreement that all parks are going to open. The understanding that a serious virus is a plague within out lifestyles but we cannot ignore it. There needs to be signs to remind people visiting recreation areas and vacation spots that SARS-CoV-2 is still a problem and take measures to protect from it.
I can see you're thinking baby
I've been thinking too
About the way we used to be
And how to star a new
Maybe I'm a hopeless dreamer
Maybe I've got it wrong
But I'm going where the grass is green
If you like to come along
Back when I was starting out
I always wanted more
But every time I got it
I still felt just like before
Fortune is a fickle friend
I'm tired of chasing fate
And when I look into your eyes
I know you feel the same
All these years of living large
Are starting to do a sin
I wont say it wasn't fun
But now it has to end
Life is moving oh so fast
I think we should take it slow
Rest our heads upon the grass
And listen to it grow

Ask NATO for insight.


Hahn is now the commissioner of the FDA. He should have stayed in practice because as an administrator he has no clue to what he is doing.


April 19, 2020

By Steve Eder, Megan Twohey and Apoorva Mandavilli

...The Food and Drug Administration (click here) has allowed about 90 companies, many based in China, to sell tests that have not gotten government vetting, saying the pandemic warrants an urgent response. But the agency has since warned that some of those businesses are making false claims about their products; health officials, like their counterparts overseas, have found others deeply flawed.

Tests of “frankly dubious quality” have flooded the American market, said Scott Becker, executive director of the Association of Public Health Laboratories. Many of them, akin to home pregnancy tests, are easy to take and promise rapid results....

These tests came out of China? I am not surprised they are not delivering what they promise. China does not require quality control of commercial products. It opened it's own FDA about a year or so ago.

The National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) (click here) is the Chinese agency for regulating drugs and medical devices (formerly the China Food and Drug Administration or CFDA). The predecessor to the NMPA was initially founded in 1998 to oversee drugs and medical devices....

China is an emerging economy with great hopes and ambitions, but, they are not up to speed in the way the USA is SUPPOSED to be. There is an administration in the White House that basically doesn't care about the people so much as "managing the people" for the next election.

Whatever happened to Underwriters Laboratories? I have never been more serious. This is a non-profit organization that when tasked to help will find the best scientists and test all the COVID TESTS to establish the best product for the states. THE STATES ARE IN CHARGE HERE. We can go on and on about Trump's misdeeds, but, that doesn't do anyone any good.

So, the states have to form a coalition and hire UL to carry out quality control. UL will probably need some direction from Dr. Fouchi in order to determine what the best product for testing looks like, but, that is the USA under Trump. YOU ARE ALL ON YOUR OWN!

We employ exacting scientific processes and the highest ethical principles (click here) to help create a better world. As safety challenges and concerns expand to include sustainability, well-being, connected technologies and security, we provide broad leadership, deep expertise and vital services to guide these transformations.

Fueled by our mission of working for a safer world, we are trusted partners in solving our customers’ and stakeholders’ most critical challenges. We believe that when choices are empowered by insight and opportunity, the potential to realize responsible innovation and better living is endless.

To fulfill our mission, UL delivers business solutions and our nonprofit conducts independent research and shares scientific knowledge broadly. For more information about our nonprofit activities, visit UL.org....  

The states need an open relationship with the US House and Senate to bring about funding that will see them through this emergency. Basically, the states are doing what the federal government should do and they need the money the federal government usually has to carry out vital services to the states and people.

This is terrible and more than likely it isn't going to get better so long as we have a federal executive branch that disregards the authority of science in this emergency. 

China is not a reliable partner. Not because it is not willing to be part of the cure, but, it's commercial companies are not based on sound ETHICS. We witnessed the dog food debacle a long time ago. When it comes to imports from China it should be limited to consumer items and not consumables or medicine. China is not in that stage of development. It is at best an emerging economy. 

Look. China bought a pork dynasty in North Carolina to feed its people. Hello? What is Europe doing?

After 911, New York City formed it's own foreign intelligence bureau. It is that type of effort necessary by the states to bring about a response to the COVID emergency. The states have to build a coalition of people they can trust to investigate all the answers needed in this emergency. The governors cannot simply do this and nothing else. Not with more danger before them in prematurely opening their states. 

In the meantime, all essential personnel like police and firefighters have to have PPE that protects them as well. These professions require different and effective PPE and not the same as the hospital workers. This is what needs to occur. Firefighters have Scott Air Packs (click here) and when not appropriate practice social distancing.

"The Briefings" are more than feuds, they are "dog whistles."

April 8, 2020

A friend of ours (click here) who voted for President Trump sent us a note recently saying that she had stopped watching the daily White House briefings of the coronavirus task force. Why? Because they have become less about defeating the virus and more about the many feuds of Donald J. Trump....

"Trump Signals He Backs Protests to End Safety Guidelines" (click here)

Going forward IT IS OBVIOUS the most vulnerable, the poor, those with compromised health and the elderly, need to be protected and provided for to maintain their wellness and longevity.

That said, there have been children and adults that are completely healthy one day with no co-morbidities who have become ill and died due to COVID-19.

"Contact Tracing" is used today when it comes to HIV/AIDS. COVID-19 is more extensive because it can be contracted with droplet. I think there is more interesting options with COVID-19 in bringing awareness to the public. When a patient tests positive an interview revealing where they have been in the past two weeks is engaged. What is learned can be placed in a news article so people know if they were in "Target between 5P - 6P on Thursday" need to report to their physicians or emergency room for testing.

I am not consenting to early return to normal, but, as is true with this administration, who has a choice but to deal with their fallout.

The news media has a strong place in the return of normalcy and that is as a bulletin board of all that is COVID-19. Americans need to get used to the idea of this chronic danger in their lives. They have to modify their behavior to be "on guard" to protect themselves and their housemates, either roommates or spouses, and children.

Masks need to be mandatory in far more cities than just New York City. But, there also has to be a strong knowledge of the fact that masks less than N-95 DO NOT PREVENT THE VIRUS FROM INFECTING THEM, hence, the "Social Distancing" needs to be practiced even in the face of wearing masks. Masks basically provide a more narrow allowance of social distancing. Instead of six feet perhaps two feet would suffice. The idea behind the "social masks" is to prevent a sneeze or a cough from spreading further a foot or two.

As the incidence of infections becomes lower and PERSIST lower the average American should be able to have access to a supply of N95 masks. N95 masks will be important to return to normalcy. I ALSO RECOMMEND Air Purifiers in the home, office and at the desk at work. The Air Purifiers work and filter microns small enough to catch the virus itself. In any of these more sophisticated air purifiers are UV elements that kill bacteria and viruses.

The manufacturing sector of the USA needs to be ready to maintain high numbers of N95 to all sectors of society and air purifiers. This is the new normal everyone must embrace to continue back to work plans.

This is an excellent time to assess the type of emergencies that occur and can occur in the USA. There needs to be a permanent manufacturing sector that addresses the use of material equipment for use as well as storage in anticipation of preparedness. The foreign markets are not enough to supply materials to the USA when emergencies strike. This manufacturing sector can actually prevent the impact of invoking the Defense Production Act. The question of the preparedness and what has occurred with this administration cannot be repeated. It is a matter of national security.

Defining the vulnerable is vital. Wellness has to be a high priority to every American. The healthier the person, normally the better the outcome. However, a genome of understanding of the dead would be helpful. There may be a gene trigger that provides a path to the virus. This idea should have been invoked earlier as the dead are in burial plots now, but, going forward this is not an unreasonable idea.

I REMIND, the viruses are RNA in search of DNA. So, there may be a gene of the DNA that it finds more virulent a partner than others that seem naturally resistant.

The elderly have been provided special times of the day and/or days of the week when shopping is safer. That provision should continue. Other Americans need to be willing to identify themselves as vulnerable and move into behaviors that will provide for their protection from vulnerability. Here again, I mentioned a special designation for Americans that qualify as "Vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2." That is a legislative measure to allow awareness of the government, private sector, and all Americans. This can be an awareness placed within the "Americans with Disability Act" or a separate legislative initiative. The reality of some Americans to the fact their lives are changed until successful vaccines are found has to be accommodated in some way to provide for their well being. THIS IS NOT THEIR FAULT.

Some people may identify as vulnerable when they are less so, but, that is a mental health issue and cannot be dismissed until the person realizes he or she is safer in the world than they thought.

There is an enormous vulnerability staring all Americans in the face and that is the susceptibility of the African American community to SARS-CoV-2. This cannot continue. I don't care what it takes, this is a horrible reality for a minority in the USA that still faces discrimination, hatred, and segregation. I might add at this point that DAILY STRESS compounded by all these negative emotions effects the immune system. This community in the USA has to be elevated in every way that provides for their longevity and well being.

Lastly, prisons and nursing homes have to be better regulated when these emergencies manifest. They MUST have policies within their institutions that address the health and safety of their populations as well as what occurs to protect them when these emergencies manifest.

I would be remiss to not add that this might this event could be a Black Swan because of the gross mismanagement of the Trump White House in maintaining professionals abroad that provide early awareness. Everyone wants to blame China and the WHO, but, they faced this virus grossly understaffed by Americans. George W. Bush did not have this issue with SARS-CoV-1. The economy was untouched in the "W" years. The idea of a "Black Swan" is not an excuse to do nothing.