The 4th and 14th Amendments to the USA Constitution are the Equal Protection Clauses. They are to be sure all citizens are treated the same under the law. But, what happens then if there are social prejudices that oppress some ethnicities and cast them into prison unjustly?
What happens is that racism, bigotry, hate, bias, and discrimination run rampant. That has been the history in the USA. In the case of higher education, it is a matter of the trickle down of circumstances. If a child is raised in adverse circumstances and opportunities are limited or absent due to oppression, where does it stop?
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