This is from the publication, "National Climate Policies and the Kyoto Protocol, published 1999.

This is from page 29 of that publication. (click here)

This graph shows the primary drivers to the climate crisis. Seventeen years ago there was publication of an understanding of why the climate crisis was eminent and how to answer the gap in economic outcomes.

Let me say that differently. We would already 'be where we needed to be' from a dedication to these understood drivers of the climate crisis.



Think about that a minute. 

No Atlantic hurricane season in 2005 with 31 named storms. There is only 26 letters in the alphabet. No Katrina, Rita or Wilma of 2005. No Superstorm Sandy. No record setting weather records that kill people. No enormous tornado outbreaks. No dual tornadoes in the midwest. 

I want people to think about this.

In 1999 the drivers to the climate crisis was known. It would take dedication to the outcome of ZERO greenhouse gas emissions from anthropogenic sources to end any danger to anyone in the USA. Katrina would be six years away and we had time.

That same page goes on to read this:















..."CO2 emissions have almost exactly kept pace with population growth."...

This is anthropogenic warming of Earth. Understand that reality. If this warming is anthropogenic then it will reverse with the habits of people and the change they need to make in energy sources.

..."Although GDP per capita has increased, energy intesity of the economy (TFC/GDP), and carbon intensity of energy supply (CO2/TPES), have decreased, mostly reflecting improved energy efficiency and fuel switching."...

We were working on it. We knew what we had to do, but, the one factor most ignored is the increase of population and it's consumerism. The need to continue on the path of fuel switching will provide for population growth WITHOUT adding greenhouse gas emissions to the climate. 

THAT IS THE RUB. 

We worked at changing the climate crisis outcome, but, we didn't change enough. We were still behind the curve and it is time to get in front of the curve by permanently changing the economy that emits greenhouse gases. 

This graph and it'a analysis shows us the world can do this, the USA can do this. We simply have to set the priority and move into the future of energy rather than lingering in the past. 

We can do this!

The Climate Agreements fall slightly short of tropical rain forest protections.

The Bramble cay melomy (click here) (Melomys rubicola) declared extinct in 2016 due to habitat loss due to rising sea levels. It is the first mammal known to go extinct due to human caused climate change.

Nature 

534, p 631–639 (30 June 2016) (click here)
The Paris climate agreement aims at holding global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius and to “pursue efforts” to limit it to 1.5 degrees Celsius. To accomplish this, countries have submitted Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) outlining their post-2020 climate action. Here we assess the effect of current INDCs on reducing aggregate greenhouse gas emissions, its implications for achieving the temperature objective of the Paris climate agreement, and potential options for overachievement. The INDCs collectively lower greenhouse gas emissions compared to where current policies stand, but still imply a median warming of 2.6–3.1 degrees Celsius by 2100. More can be achieved, because the agreement stipulates that targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions are strengthened over time, both in ambition and scope. Substantial enhancement or over-delivery on current INDCs by additional national, sub-national and non-state actions is required to maintain a reasonable chance of meeting the target of keeping warming well below 2 degrees Celsius.

Do not measure the future in abstract if the present is already a known commodity.

According to "The Spiral" we are nearly at 1.5 C. The relationship between current global temperatures and the internationally discussed target limits are also clear without much complex interpretation needed.

If we are confident the current temperatures are near the 1.5 C measurement, then an assessment now will provide a better view of the future and 2.0C. The shortest distance between two points is a straight line. That means climate experts need to move quickly in making recommendations to countries to end their emissions. Currently, 1.5 to 0.0 is the straight line we are looking for. Earth's troposphere has that degree of urgency.

I am convinced Earth has been outgassing water vapor over the south pole. That is serious. Very serious. Earth cannot cool if there is less and less water vapor. The achievement to ending this warming is to radically change the greenhouse gas emissions of their countries. Now.

Scientists for far to long have allowed Earth to be Earth without insisting on responsibility to the deadly changes recorded and presented as evidence. The day of evidence is over EXCEPT for measuring the return of Earth's gaseous biotic balance.

Some scientists covet another Earth in another solar system as the potential next place for human inhabitation and mining the moon. That only distracts from the seriousness before us now. Planning to escape Earth's gravity is not the answer to ending the climate crisis.

In thinking about a straight line to ZERO emissions is the understanding Earth will be Earth and the decrease in gaseous greenhouse gases will be met with an ocean emptying CO2 out of it's chemistry. At least the acidifying of the oceans will reverse first and the oceans can be repopulated with fish species. Along with the end of greenhouse gas emissions, the oceans will also begin to reverse their warming as well. 

I like the oxygen produced by plankton and algae. It means a great deal to me. I only wish it meant a great deal to everyone else on Earth.

Yes, this is homework, to the extent one is interested.

IEA Online Summer School (click here)

These are "Webinars." They are posted online for those that could not attend the actual teaching session. It also demonstrates how perfect the global community regards the importance of 'getting it right.'

The IEA Energy Data Centre is launching a series of webinars on data collection, validation and use to take place over the month of July 2016. This 4-week programme will provide participants with the opportunity to learn more about energy data collection and statistics. Participants may choose to register for all 4 sessions or for individual webinars. For certain sessions, participation will be limited and therefore priority will be allocated on a first-come first-serve basis. We kindly ask that participants only register for sessions to which they intend to participate. All webinars are free of charge to attend. Participants will receive a certification upon completion of all 4 courses.   For any queries, please contact Lucy Shedden at lucy.shedden@iea.org.

Storm surges, sea level rises and global warming

When thinking about storm surges it pays to realize sea level rise increases tides, especially storm surges. 

As realized with Hurricane Katrina, storm surges are driven by wind velocity. The point is storm surges will be higher no matter the wind velocity. So, if Louisiana normally receives storm surges of a Category 1 hurricane that are 7 to 10 feet high, that will change to a foot or more higher.

Storm surges as seen with Katrina is not 'the norm.' The biggest and the greatest is always somethings Americans focus on, but, 'the norm' is far more frequent and just as upsetting.

Figure 1. A survey team found a damage trimline on the exterior of the Beau Rivage Lighthouse in Biloxi, Mississippi, at an elevation of 34.1 feet above mean sea level. This represents the highest High Water Mark ever recorded for an Atlantic Hurricane. Image credit: Hermann Fritz, Georgia Tech University.

By Jeffrey Masters, Ph.D.

Director of Meteorology, Weather Underground, Inc.

The highest documented storm surge in the U.S. (click here) occurred in 2005 during Hurricane Katrina, when Pass Christian, MS, recorded a 27.8 foot storm surge above mean sea level. The highest High Water Mark on record for a U.S. hurricane occurred in Biloxi, MS during Katrina, where a High Water Mark of 34.1 feet above mean sea level was recorded on the outside of the Beau Rivage Lighthouse (Figure 1). The surge was 22 feet high in Biloxi, so the combination of the tide (about 1 foot) and 11-foot waves on top of the storm surge created the 34.1-foot high water mark....

International storm surges larger than Katrina.

By Jeffrey Masters, Ph.D.

Director of Meteorology, Weather Underground, Inc.

The Bathurst Bay Cyclone, (click here) also known as Tropical Cyclone Mahina, which struck Bathurst Bay, Australia on March 5, 1899, is generally credited with the world record for storm surge. The cyclone's storm surge is variously listed at 13 - 14.6 meters (43 - 48 feet). The Category 5 cyclone was a monster--with sustained winds in excess of 175 mph and a central pressure between 880 and 914 mb. Mahina killed at least 307 people, mostly on pearling ships, and was the deadliest cyclone in Australian history. The eyewitness account of Mahina's record storm surge was provided by Constable J. M. Kenny, who journeyed to Barrow Point on Bathurst Bay to investigate a crime on the day of the storm. While camped on a ridge 40 feet above sea level and 1/2 mile inland, Kenny's camp was inundated by a storm wave, reaching waist-deep. On nearby Flinders Island, fish and dolphins were found on top of 15 meter (49 foot) cliffs. However, an analysis by Nott and Hayne (2000) found no evidence of storm-deposited debris higher than 3 - 5 meters above mean sea level in the region. They also cited two computer storm surge simulations of the cyclone that were unable to generate a surge higher than three meters....

A movement to recognize the most deadly storm in Australia's history.

28 December 2014

By Jack Kerr

The 101 ton schooner "Ladden" dragged anchor, but, survived Cyclone Mahina.

The deadliest cyclone (click here) in recorded Australian history could be upgraded to the most intense one to ever hit the southern hemisphere.

About 300 people died when Cyclone Mahina made landfall at Bathurst Bay, a popular spot for pearling fleets on Queensland's Cape York, in March 1899.

"It was almost a perfect cyclone," says Ian Townsend, an ABC journalist whose dramatisation of Cyclone Mahina, The Devil's Eye, was published in 2008.

Mahina's wind, waves and storm surge annihilated dozens of ships and left the landscape scoured.

Dead porpoises were later found lying on clifftops, thrown there by the massive swells the cyclone had stirred up.

People on Thursday Island, hundreds of kilometres away, say lightning from Mahina lit up the sky from one end of the horizon to the other.

On board the only ship to make it through the cyclone, Mahina's intensity was recorded at 880 hectopascals.

"This was an incredible storm, phenomenal in so many ways. It was like a ball of energy that was spinning across the Coral Sea," Townsend said....

Annex A

Energy (click here for webpage)

Fuel combustion 
     Energy industries
     Manufacturing industries and construction 
     Transport 
     Other sectors 
     Other 

 Fugitive emissions from fuels 
      Solid fuels 
      Oil and natural gas
      Others...

I think I covered most of it. Under fuel combustion the "Manufacturing industries and construction" was covered last week with the Wall Street slide and the percentage of greenhouse gases contributed from major companies. There needs to  be a culture change in those companies. They can find the energy they need that already exists. They also need to sponsor research specific to their needs that do not pose a danger to life on Earth.

I do not believe that is unreasonable. These companies have been scoffing up profits in the millions and billions. It is time they solve their own problems while seeking a ZERO greenhouse gas emissions goal. We all live on this planet together, it is time we all were responsible and not just dump these problems on consumers. Denying the problems generated by companies doesn't solve anything.

AND NO SHORT CUTS!

"Other sectors of fuel combustion" 

This annual publication (from IEA - International Energy Agency) ... 
...contains, for more than 140 countries and regions:
     - estimates of CO2 emissions from 1971 to 2013
     - selected indicators such as CO2/GDP, CO2/capita and CO2/TPES (Total                                                                                  Primary Energy Supply)
     - a decomposition of CO2 emissions into driving factors
     - CO2 emissions from international marine and aviation bunkers, and other                 relevant information.

This is also a source of information from the IEA, "2015 Edition of CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion." (click here). This publication can be a guide in the way the international community thinks about energy and reaching ZERO emissions.

From page 4 of the 2015 edtion:

Revisions to data: People’s Republic of China In September 2015, the National Bureau of Statistics of China published China’s energy statistics for 2013, as well as revised statistics for the years 2000 to 2012. NBS supplied the IEA with detailed energy balances for 2011 to 2013. Using these, the IEA revised its 2011-2013 data based on these newly available figures, as published in this document. The revisions show significant changes both on the supply and demand side for a number of energy products, resulting in breaks in time series between 2010 and 2011. Revised data for the years 2000-2010 will be published in the next edition of this publication. The revised energy balances released by the NBS integrate findings from a national economic census for all years since 2000. These revised data solve several detailed issues, most importantly the unallocated coal demand that appeared in the recent years of the Chinese energy balance (shown as statistical difference), has been primarily allocated to final consumption in the industrial sector. 

Regardless of all the scapegoating of China by USA politicians; China is still not a first world country. It is defined internationally as an "emerging economy." That means some, not all, of China's methodologies and reporting may not be state of the art. Does that mean China gets a free ride? No. It means the IEA will look at China's methodologies of reporting and run their own statistics to validate or suggest changes to the Chinese reporting. I do not believe China intends to deceive or bend the rules. It is an emerging nation and they widely accept the suggestions by others. 

Americans should realize the United Nations is highly respected as a place where global powers come together to solve problems. To that end they join conferences, conventions and international committees to improve their standard of living, thus reporting to the UN conventions as well.

The United Nations is and shall always be a place for spring boarding authority to governments everywhere. The annual meeting where every country's leader reports on issues that concern them. The world's conscience develops at the United Nation and within the UN Security Council. 

The IEA is a place where countries can report their findings voluntarily. As a result independent companies and entrepreneurs may provide services for a better outcome depending on the reporting.

BASICALLY, it is all good.  

The Greenland Icesheet melt is significant and continuing. This year proved to have three important spikes in the melt.

2012 is a record year of melting in Greenland. It is the measure to the degree things are worse or not for the Greenland Ice Sheet, hence, sea level rise.

From 2012:

Nearly the entire ice sheet covering Greenland (click here) —from its thin coastal edges to its two-mile-thick center—experienced some degree of melting for several days in July 2012. According to measurements from three satellites and an analysis by NASA and university scientists, an estimated 97 percent of the top layer of the ice sheet had thawed at some point in mid-July, the largest extent of surface melting observed in three decades of satellite observations....

Climate data has to be assessed to understand this extensive melting. Also the ice remaining after the melt influences climate and the end of the melting. At any rate, without being boring, the ice melt in Greenland 2012 was a record setting melt of which a warming planet's effect on future melting may occur.

The latest assessment:

...According (click here) to an NSIDC blog post, the ice sheet saw three extreme spikes in melt by June 19. As a result, the pace of melting so far is ahead of the past three seasons, but behind the record melt year of 2012.

Coastal areas have been generally warmer than average, and sometimes extreme. For instance, temperatures in Nuuk soared to 24 degrees Celsius (75 degrees Fahrenheit) on June 9, 2016—the highest June temperature ever recorded there. Interior areas were slightly cooler than usual.

On June 15, 2016, the Advanced Land Imager (ALI) on NASA’s Earth Observing-1 satellite acquired a natural-color image of an area just inland from the coast of southwestern Greenland (120 kilometers southeast of Ilulisat and 500 kilometers north-northeast of Nuuk). According to Marco Tedesco, a professor at Columbia University’s Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, melting in this area began relatively early in April but was not sustained. It started up again in May and grew into the watery June scene pictured above.

Surface melt can directly contribute to sea level rise via runoff. It can also force its way through crevasses to the base of a glacier, temporarily speeding up ice flow and indirectly contributing to sea level rise. Also, ponding of meltwater can “darken” the ice sheet’s surface and lead to further melting....

A quick review.

aliphatic - relating to or denoting organic compounds in which carbon atoms form open chains (as in the alkanes), not aromatic rings

aromatic rings (click here) - also known as aromatic compounds or arenes (click here) are hydrocarbons which contain benzene, or some other related ring structure. Benzene, C₆H₆, is often drawn as a ring of six carbon atoms, with alternating double bonds and single bonds: This simple picture has some complications, however.

Below is benzene. There are three double bonds on the ring and three single bonds on the ring. All the atoms making this ring are carbon and all the attached atoms are hydrogen. The symbol to the right is the way a benzene ring is symbolized in any molecule. This particular symbol for benzene is inaccurate because single bonds are longer than double bonds. The double bonds are stronger and more difficult to break down into atoms in a chemical reaction. I am not going to get into bond lengths and chemical expressions that tell one chemist to another what is going on in a reaction called a "chemical equation." It is just good to know what the average carbon compounds look like in the real world of chemistry.

It's Sunday Night

"Octane Warriors" by Tankard on the album "Thirst" (click here for official website - thank you)

Roads deserted, and motors run cold
Civilization in lack of black gold
Nationwide the engines stand still
Energy crisis, we're paying the bill

Year 2060
No fuel means war
The world is in upheaval
All empty reservoirs
OPEC embargoes
Inflation's high
Refineries not working
And politicians lie

I'm trying to survive
Out in the desert wastelands
My memories are fading
How peaceful life once was

Chasing down highways
No food, just guns
Society is crumbling
So many on the run

Welcome to the oil-wars!
Welcome to the oil-wars! No flame - no game!
Welcome Octane Warriors!
Making our own laws - in high octane!

Gangs of marauders
Fight bloody fights
For gasoline and diesel
Mankind trapped in the night

I'm trying to survive
Out in the desert wastelands
My memories are fading
How peaceful life once was

Billions of barrels
The Saudis lost
Nobody can eat money
Greed causes higher costs

Welcome to the oil-wars!
Welcome to the oil-wars! No flame - no game!
Welcome Octane Warriors!
Making our own laws - in high octane!

Roads deserted, and motors run cold
Civilization in lack of black gold
Nationwide the engines stand still
Energy crisis, we-re paying the bill

Year 2060
No fuel means war
The world is in upheaval
All empty reservoirs

Welcome to the oil-wars!
Welcome to the oil-wars! No flame - no game!
Welcome Octane Warriors!
Making our own laws - in high octane!
Welcome to the oil-wars!
Welcome to the oil-wars! No flame - no game!
Welcome Octane Warriors!
Making our own laws - in high octane!

...and what really gets me, is these losers don't even pay taxes!!!!

I don't believe in political correctness either!

Joint Committee on Taxation 

Report number JCS-70-15 (click here)

April 10, 2015

By Ben Steverman

Some $1.4 trillion in individual income taxes (click here) are due to the IRS on April 15. But for many Americans, that’s only the half of it. A new report from the U.S. Congress’s Joint Committee on Taxation shows that looking only at income taxes misses most of what we pay to the federal government each year. 

The average American pays an income tax rate of 10.1 percent, the Joint Committee shows, although that varies quite a bit depending on income: 

Ten percent seems low, doesn't it? The official income tax rates start at 10 percent and go all the way to 39.6 percent. The Joint Committee is also accounting for lots of income that never gets taxed, such as Medicare and Social Security benefits, employer-paid insurance, and the employer portion of payroll taxes. Also, taxpayers pay the highest rates, above 28 percent, only on earned income above $200,000 or so. The IRS takes far less from the first $200,000 earned, especially after deductions, and from investment income. Finally, as the chart shows, many poor Americans pay zero taxes and even get money back: About 32 million people benefit from that Earned Income Tax Credit. ...

The heifers actually have to be educated about how to stay a virgin? Really?

Women and Poverty, State by State, 2014 (click here)

August 26, 2016
By Jennifer Ludden

Orientation at Arkansas Tech University (click here) this year included a surprising topic for a Bible Belt state that pushes abstinence-only in high school. Every freshman was shown a newly produced video in which real students talk about the struggle of an unplanned pregnancy, and the challenge of staying in school as a parent.
"I lost a lot of friends," says one young woman in the video who had dreamed of becoming a surgeon. A young man says he "went from not having any responsibility to having a full-time responsibility," while another laments that Friday nights are no longer spent with friends but at home "watching Dora. A lot of Dora."
The message is clear, and it will come up again throughout the year: in a college success course, in group chats in dorms, at a slew of events during Sexual Health Week.
Why in college? Arkansas has the nation's highest rate of teen births, but most of them — here and nationally — are actually to young adults, 18 and 19 years old....

Oh, you mean the heifer had a defective kid. Not my problem.

The sad saps in the USA need to stop spending millions and billions on pathetic issues. There are only a few babies involved and it does not warrant spending all that money.

August 27, 2016

Washington, United States (AFP) – US President Barack Obama (click here)  called on Congress Saturday to step up funding to combat the Zika virus, warning that delay is putting more Americans at risk.

Obama's latest appeal, in his weekly radio address, came the day after the US authorities expressed deepening worry about the spread of the mosquito-borne virus, urging that all donated blood be tested for Zika.

The Congress has denied past administration requests for Zika funding, instead redirecting funds that had been earmarked to fight Ebola, cancer and other diseases.

"That's not a sustainable solution," Obama said. The delay for more funds "puts more Americans at risk."...

Where is the Medicaid Expansion? In the USA when white women are in crisis Texas will pay attention.

There are treatments for all these issues, including drug addiction.

August 27, 2016

The maternal mortality rate in Texas doubled (click here) from 2010 to 2014. Dr. Lisa Hollier of Texas' Maternal Mortality and Morbidity Task Force tells NPR's Scott Simon it's a complex problem....

...SIMON: And why does Texas have such troubling numbers?

HOLLIER: We are very concerned about the numbers that we see here in Texas. In fact, Texas established the Maternal Mortality Review Task Force in 2013 to further investigate the potential causes for the rising maternal mortality rate, and we have recently published our report.

SIMON: And?

HOLLIER: We find that African-American women are bearing the greatest risk for maternal death. In fact, their rate of maternal death is about three times higher than it is for women of other races and ethnicities. In the years 2011 to 2012, African-American women accounted for 11 percent of the births but accounted for 28 percent of the maternal deaths....

The graph below is from 2015. The USA has had a dismal record for maternal deaths and Texas always is among the states that have the highest percentages of maternal deaths per state. Texas completes ignores the fact women sometimes need help in birthing and giving a child a good start in the world. You know, it is just another heifer that can drop the baby in a heartbeat. 

November 18, 2015
By Christopher Ingraham
The United States (click here) ranks near the bottom of the world's wealthy countries when it comes to the number of women who die from complications of pregnancy and childbirth, according to new data from the World Health Organization. American women die in pregnancy or childbirth more than twice as often as women in Canada. Even worse, the United States is one of only a few countries -- including Zimbabwe and North Korea -- where the mortality rate has risen since 1990....

From Amnesty International in 2010. (click here) Everyone hopes an election year will finally bring about reform in the USA, but, it never does.

I think there needs to be an investigation into the harassment the Cincinnati Zoo has been experiencing.

August 23, 2016
By Fruzsina Eordogh

..."We are not amused by the memes, (click here) petitions and signs about Harambe...Our zoo family is still healing, and the constant mention of Harambe makes moving forward more difficult for us. We are honoring Harambe by redoubling our gorilla conservation efforts and encouraging others to join us."...

Just a couple of things. The Cincinnati Zoo acted responsibly in acting quickly to save the boy any injury or worse. I already know if the child was seriously injured or worse the calls for closing the zoo would be overwhelming.

The picture above is exactly the stance Harambe had taken when he went to the boy's rescue. There is no doubt in my mind that Harambe was attempting to rescue the boy. In the picture below right the Silverback was waiting for the boy to climb onto his back. Of course, the child was not going to climb on the gorilla's back, nor would he assume any other behavior of an infant gorilla.

When watching the film of the event it was obvious there were two things happening. The boy was unsafe and could have been injured by the fall alone. Realizing he could be injured any additional trauma (rough handling by the Silverback) would create more risk for the child.

I am convinced Harambe had no intention of harming the boy, but, he was also unsafe. He was in the moat that surrounded the gorilla enclosure. It wasn't really a place in the enclosure where he frequented. I think Harambe was under stress. It was that stress that made him unpredictable. I think any stress could have grown into behaviors that could have harmed the child when he didn't mount Harambe's back as expected.

The risk to the zoo, which already was the target of threats from a tax request of 2014 (click here), along with the risk to the child was more than the zoo authorities could allow. It is just that simple.

Harambe was great. There is no doubt he was a valuable member of the Cincinnati Zoo and the Lowland Gorilla species. (click here)

Who should we blame for the death of the Cincinnati Zoo gorilla? We can start with ourselves. (click here)

June 1, 2016

By Tim Zimmerman

...It is easy to blame the child's mother—and many did. (click here) But any parent can tell you that it is near-impossible to keep track of a young child every instant you're with them (I lost my son in an airport once). It is easy to blame the zoo for its decision to kill Harambe and for its poorly designed enclosure—and many did. But this was the first time that anyone had jumped into Gorilla World in the almost 40 years that it's been open, and it is hard to fault the zoo for an agonizing choice that offered maximum protection to a young boy....

...If I have any blame to cast, I reserve it for the crowd, which shrieked and panicked, seemingly agitating Harambe and making it all the more difficult for zoo employees to see a way to a peaceful recovery of the boy. “[Harambe] showed a combination of protection and confusion. He stood over the child, held him up, moved/dragged him through the water (at least once very roughly), stood over him again,” primate expert Frans De Waal observed in a Facebook post. “Much of his reaction may have been triggered by public noise and yelling.” Note to future zoo crowds: when a child ends up in an animal enclosure, back away and stay quiet so the animals at least have a chance to remain calm....

I suppose the Cincinnati Zoo staff could post "Quiet" signs near the new enclosure. (click here)

I think the nasty attacks on the Cincinnati Zoo is far more worrisome than most care to say. The Koch Brothers is a multi-billion dollar enterprise that literally warned the Cincinnati Zoo to not ask for a tax on the referendum to assist in their mission. Why? I find it extremely strange that such an industry would warn any zoo of organization to end an effort to obtain funding for their mission. It is disturbing.

Koch industries did not only warn the Cincinnati Zoo, it carried out a campaign to defeat the measure once it was on the ballot in 2014. It is a really peculiar practice for a family corporation with reach globally as well as in the USA. None of it makes sense to me.

No, I don't believe for one minute the boy was planted in the moat. These things happen. But, the hate campaign that followed is far more than any organization should tolerate. I think it is being orchestrated for some sick reason in an election year.

I want all this investigated to end the hatred of the zoo and it's professional staff.

There is no doubt Harambe was an incredible Silverback, but, to hate the zoo that cared for him when his death was in mercy of a child is extremely strange.

The closing of the website for the Cincinnati Zoo is disturbing when realizing the international respect for them. What next, closing the zoo? Realizing the zoo was attacked by wealthy oil men is enough to be concerned for the destination of the zoo should anything happen to the public. Perhaps if the zoo hadn't been attacked the outcome here might be different, too. I consider the closing of the website detrimental to the zoo and it's patrons. There is liability here and I do believe unlawful behavior. I think it needs to be rooted out and ended. There is too much as stake including a world class zoo in the USA.

Anoxia in a mountain top mission at 10,000 feet is impossible to avoid.

Soldiers can be equipped with oxygen tanks, but, there is no reassurances the tanks will stay intact with bullets and hand grenades flying around. There is a chance that once a hand grenade would blow up an oxygen tank it would explode and not leak. That might be true with bullets as well. Now steel bullets might inhibit an explosion, but, that is not a guarantee.

The best decision in regard to these encampments is to bomb the hell out of them. End of discussion.

I don't think I understand why there is a question about a Medal of Honor. If the Air Force Secretary can see the devotion to his unit then there is no question. Certainly there is no doubt when another man walks away from his unit not once, but, several time into the clutches of the Taliban only to have his own television program. Give me a break. Sergeant Chapman is an American to it's highest regard. He saved the lives of others and served his country by doing so.


August 27, 2016
By Sean D. Naylor and Christopher Drew

...Now, (click here) more than 14 years after that brutal fight, in which seven Americans ultimately died, the Air Force says that Chief Slabinski was wrong — and that Sergeant Chapman not only was alive, but also fought on alone for more than an hour after the SEALs had retreated. The Air Force secretary is pushing for a Medal of Honor, the military’s highest award, after new technology used in an examination of videos from aircraft flying overhead helped officials conclude that the sergeant had killed two fighters with Al Qaeda — one in hand-to-hand combat — before dying in an attempt to protect arriving reinforcements....

He died on a foreign mountain top without a second thought as to his responsibility. That is a devotion to his country no one can deny was uniquely heroic.

The Air Force and "Six" can say what they want about Chief Slabinski, but, I have a few things to say, too. The expedition was impossible for Americans not trained at high altitude. The al Qaeda fighters had an advantage, their genes prepared them for high altitude.

...Chief Slabinski’s team was ordered to establish an observation post on top of the mountain, Takur Ghar, during Operation Anaconda, an effort to encircle and destroy Qaeda forces in the Shah-i-Kot Valley in easternAfghanistan, about 25 miles from Pakistan. The battle occurred less than three months after bin Laden had escaped at Tora Bora, and American commanders still hoped to capture or kill senior Qaeda leaders....

The oxygen content at sea level is 21 percent or close to it. (click here) We know from such events as the Mexico City Olympics that people born and raised at higher altitude have an athletic advantage.

A mile up in altitude is 5280 feet. Mexico City is 7,382 feet above sea level. Takur Ghar is 10,469 feet. That is nine feet over 2 miles high in altitude.

Oxygen at high altitude (click here).

"Six" was struggling not only with cold, but, also with an effective oxygen content of 14.3 percent. By all rights that alone would eventually cause the death of those not genetically predisposed to prolonged oxygen deprivation. Now considering the temperature the air would be slightly more concentrated as cold air condenses somewhat. But, "Six" was operating at approximately 68.4 percent of normal oxygen content. That is extreme and it is a high category exposure to oxygen content.

Chief Slabinski may tell a tale today that he can remember, but, his judgement was impaired at the time he made it. There is no way Chief Slabinski can be correctly judged by the USA higher command or his peers. He is faultless in leaving Sergeant Chapman behind in saving the lives within his unit. It is far easier to pass judgement on Chief Slabinski at sea level than would occur at more than 10,000 feet elevation.

It was a very dangerous mission and one that compromised "Six" metabolically as well. The only reason I can fathom for a decision to have taken this long to recognize a Metal of Honor for the sergeant is the fact they didn't capture or kill bin Laden. 

(Tora Bora is a very controversial incident. But, if I remember correctly there were men that heard bin Laden over a radio and asked for back up. The failure in this mission does not belong to the soldiers or their hierarchy, it belongs Donald Rumsfeld. If one unit was compromised to carry out a mission, then every other mission would be similarly compromised under the leadership at that time. Daisy cutters. We are lucky the soldiers came back and not killed in friendly fire.)

Sergeant Chapman is most deserving of the Metal of Honor. He never declined a dangerous mission and was determined to see it though to the end. There is nothing more that can be asked of an airman. He is an extraordinary hero by every measure as is his unit.

Tomorrow.

Thank you.

I hear people commenting on Donald Trump's new immigration policy. It is my opinion he is competing for Governor Gary Johnson. He may be competing for points in defaming Hillary Clinton whenever he can, but, I think the immigration path is about Gary Johnson.

This is where Donald Trump's campaign didn't plan into the future. They should have been aiming for the Libertarians as well as the Tea Party.

Governor Gary Johnson is not taking aim at Donald Trump, he is aiming for Hillary Clinton. Spending a million on four battleground states is not aiming at Donald Trump. 

August 26, 2016
By Daniel Strauss

Libertarian presidential candidate Gary Johnson’s (click here) campaign is spending nearly $1 million on advertising in four battleground states, plus Oregon, Utah and his home state of New Mexico, as part of a new advertising blitz.

The new ad spending is the first indication of where Johnson is hoping to compete in the coming weeks. The former New Mexico governor’s campaign is spending $806,195 this month on radio ads in Colorado, Iowa, New Hampshire, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah and Wisconsin, according to a media buying source....

The Flint River Water Project

Really good news.

I didn't know my fire breathing ally filed a FOIA request. Sometimes people do the nicest things for other people.

I call next week and I think I can begin to access information.

It pays to be patient with people that sincerely care.