President George W. Bush was deeply committed to ending weapons of mass destruction.

March 30, 2004

By Joseph Cirincione

...The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) (click here) has served as the backbone of nuclear non-proliferation efforts for almost thirty-five years. Overall, the regime has been remarkably successful but recent developments have illustrated three serious gaps in the treaty:.

states can legally pursue civilian nuclear programs that can later be used to produce nuclear weapons;

a newly-discovered nuclear black market flaunts the treaty's export provisions; and,

a treaty designed to block state acquisition now must grapple with non-state terrorists intent on getting nuclear weapons.

President Bush's speech of 11 February was a positive step towards covering these gaps. The measures he announced would, overall, help forge a stronger, more effective and more international non-proliferation policy. Many of the initiatives, if implemented, will increase the ability of the United States and other nations to stop the spread of nuclear weapons. On 25 March, the administration also introduced at the United Nations Security Council a Draft Resolution on Non-Proliferation that, if adopted, would also strengthen international anti-proliferation laws and cooperation. The draft resolution would go a long way towards integrating some of the administration's policy innovations, such as the Proliferation Security Initiative, with established international legal norms and institutions. This, in turn, would greatly facilitate the participation of many other nations in these efforts.

Serious questions remain, however, as to the willingness of the President to back up these proposals with financial and political capital. For example, although the President called for expanding the Nunn-Lugar programs which have proven so effective in securing and eliminating nuclear, chemical and biological weapons in the former Soviet Union, the administration's budget for the coming fiscal year actually cuts funding for Nunn-Lugar programs by ten percent. Similarly, the President called for enhancing the International Atomic Energy Agency's capabilities to detect cheating and respond to treaty violations, but he did not provide any increase in the U.S. contribution to the IAEA....

Acting as the Atlas of the World, the USA pledged peace to all non-nuclear countries.

Among the sculptures (click here) present in the National Archaeological Museum of Naples and belonging to the Farnese collection , one is of particular importance for the studies that have been conducted on it. This is the statue of the Farnese Atlas .

The United States (click here) believes than universal adherence to and compliance with international conventions and treaties seeking to prevent the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction is a cornerstone of global security. The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons is a central element of this regime. March 5, 1995, was the 25th anniversary of its entry-into-force, an event commemorated by President Clinton in a speech in Washington on March 1, 1995. A conference to decide on extension of the treaty will begin in New York City on April 17, 1995. The United States considers the indefinite extension of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons without conditions as a matter of the highest national priority and will continue to pursue all appropriate efforts to achieve that outcome.

It is important that all Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons fulfill their obligations under the treaty. In that regard, consistent with generally recognized principles of international law, Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons must be in compliance with these undertakings in order to be eligible for any benefits of adherence to this treaty.

As a nuclear-weapon state the United States has consistently recognized its responsibilities under the treaty, and the importance of addressing the special needs of non-nuclear-weapon states parties to the treaty with regard to measures that would alleviate their legitimate security concerns. To that end, the president directed that the United States review its policies on security assurances for such non-nuclear-weapon states and that consultations be held with other nuclear-weapon states on this important topic.

Bearing the above considerations in mind, the president declares the following:

The United States reaffirms that it will now use nuclear weapons against non-nuclear-weapon States Parties to the Treaty on the Non-proliferation of Nuclear Weapons except in the case of an invasion or any other attack on the United States, its territories, its armed forces or other troops, its allies, or on a state towards which it has a security commitment, carried out or sustained by such a non-nuclear-weapon state in association or alliance with a nuclear-weapon state.

Aggression with nuclear weapons, or the threat of such aggression, against a non-nuclear-weapon State Party to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons would create a qualitatively new situation in which the nuclear-weapon state permanent members of the United Nations Security Council would have to act immediately through the Security Council, in accordance with the Charter, to take the measures necessary to counter such aggression or to remove the threat of aggression. Any state which commits aggression accompanied by the use of nuclear weapons or which threatens such aggression must be aware that its actions are to be countered effectively by measures to be taken in accordance with the U.N. Charter to suppress the aggression or remove the threat of aggression.

Non-nuclear-weapon States Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons have a legitimate desire for assurances that the U.N. Security Council, and above all its nuclear-weapon state permanent members, would act immediately in accordance with the charter, in the event such non-nuclear-weapon states are the victim of an act of, or object of a threat of, aggression in which nuclear weapons are used.

The United States affirms its intention to provide or support immediate assistance, in accordance with the Charter, to any non-nuclear-weapon State Party to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons that is a victim of an act of, or an object of a threat of, aggression in which nuclear weapons are used.

Among the means available to the Security Council for assisting such a non-nuclear-weapon State Party to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons would be an investigation into the situation and appropriate measures to settle the dispute and to restore international peace and security.

U.N. Member States should take appropriate measures in response to a request for technical, medical, scientific or humanitarian assistance from a non-nuclear-weapon State Party to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons that is a victim of an act of aggression with nuclear weapons, and the Security Council should consider what measures are needed in this regard in the event of such an act of aggression.

The Security Council should recommend appropriate procedures, in response to any request from a non-nuclear-weapon State Party to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons that is the victim of such an act of aggression, regarding compensation under international law from the aggressor for loss, damage or injury sustained as a result of the aggression.

The United States reaffirms the inherent right, recognized under Article 51 of the U.N. Charter, of individual and collective self-defense if an armed attack, including a nuclear attack, occurs against a member of the United Nations, until the Security Council has taken measures necessary to maintain international peace and security.

Frequently, making enormous progress in trust and disarmament from nuclear weapons depends on the partner a president has.

In a December 1989 summit between Bush and Gorbachev in Malta, (click here) the two leaders discussed arms reductions and strengthening their relations. At a summit in Washington, D.C., in June 1990, the two men signed a broad arms reduction agreement in which the United States and Soviet Union consented to decreasing their nuclear arsenals. Bush and his secretary of state, James Baker, worked hard to establish a meaningful relationship with Gorbachev and Eduard Shevardnadze, the Soviet foreign minister. By most accounts, they were very successful in redefining relations with the Soviet Union in a post-Cold War environment. In July 1991, Bush met Gorbachev in Moscow and signed the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty, known as START.

When Gorbachev's opponents attempted a coup to oust him from power the next month, the Bush administration waited anxiously for the outcome. The coup failed, and Gorbachev resumed his position but the Soviet Union was in evident decline. Throughout the fall, the Soviet Republics began to declare their independence from the Soviet Union, and in December, Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus announced they were forming a new confederation of states. Gorbachev resigned as the President of the Soviet Union on December 25, 1991.

The efforts of Bush, Gorbachev, Baker, and Shevardnadze achieved results in improving U.S.-Soviet relations in ways that would have been unthinkable ten years earlier. Critics of the Bush administration faulted it for being aligned too closely with Gorbachev and too willing to compromise; many thought that Bush should have made more overtures to Boris Yeltsin, the President of Russia who often wanted reforms to proceed more quickly than Gorbachev and eventually oversaw much of Russia's transition away from Communism. Nonetheless, Bush's relationship with Gorbachev helped facilitate improved U.S.-Soviet relations....

Not since Reagan has the NPT been valued as an international goal.

The point of view that the NPT is neglected is not an unusual point of view.

Journal of Strategic Studies, Vol. 40, Issue 6 (2017) 

Eight Lost Years? (click here) Nixon, Ford, Kissinger and the Non-Proliferation Regime, 1969–1977

The years following the signature of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) of 1968 have generally been seen as a period of neglect in US non-proliferation policy. While joining recent scholarship questioning this, the article also shows that the policies that emerged from the Nixon–Ford years were the product of a broad range of factors that constrained both the United States’ ability and willingness to build an effective non-proliferation regime. These included the Nixon administration’s initial skepticism regarding the NPT, as well as the global dispersion of power away from the US, combined with the continued importance of anti-Soviet containment.

President Jimmy Carter probably received more attention for his work toward peace after he left office.

President Carter was in office from 1977-1981.

February 22, 1997
By President Jimmy Carter

The Nuclear Crisis

...Now it is time for the 30-year-old NPT (click here) to be reviewed (in April, by an international assembly at the United Nations), and, sad to say, the current state of affairs with regard to nuclear proliferation is not good. In fact, I think it can be said that the world is facing a nuclear crisis. Unfortunately, U.S. policy has had a good deal to do with creating it.

At the last reassessment session, in 1995, a large group of non-nuclear nations with the financial resources and technology to develop weapons--including Egypt, Brazil and Argentina--agreed to extend the NPT, but with the proviso that the five nuclear powers take certain specific steps to defuse the nuclear issue: adoption of a comprehensive test ban treaty by 1996; conclusion of negotiations on a Fissile Material Cut-Off Treaty, and "determined pursuit" of efforts to reduce nuclear arsenals, with the ultimate goal of eliminating them.

It is almost universally conceded that none of these commitments has been honored. India and Pakistan have used this failure to justify their joining Israel as nations with recognized nuclear capability that are refusing to comply with NPT restraints. And there has been a disturbing pattern of other provocative developments:...

So, while the NPT still existed and exists there seems to be a chronic wanding away from it, except, every five years. What bothers me about this drifting away from the NPT is that communists in general will sign on to these agreements in hopes the Free World will diminish importance of their nuclear arsenal due to the existence of the NPT. In other words, it is a tool to attempt to have the Free World allow themselves to be weaker in the face of potential elimination of nuclear arsenals worldwide.

That is what the NPT is about, dissolving nuclear arsenals over time with countries hopefully moving to conventional weapons and war. What we are seeing with Russia is leaning heavily into this reality. But, Russia has proved itself to be incompetent in conventional warfare. So, due to that fact, rather than accepting it's own borders rather than the old Soviet Union borders, and declare itself neutral for it's incompetency, Putin is muscle flexing all the time about his nuclear prowess. Same status is true with North Korea.

Saving Nonproliferation

By Jimmy Carter

Renewal talks for the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) (click here) are scheduled for May, yet the United States and other nuclear powers seem indifferent to its fate. This is remarkable, considering the addition of Iran and North Korea as states that either possess or seek nuclear weapons programs. A recent United Nations report warned starkly: "We are approaching a point at which the erosion of the non-proliferation regime could become irreversible and result in a cascade of proliferation."

A group of "Middle States" has a simple goal: "To exert leverage on the nuclear powers to take some minimum steps to save the non-proliferation treaty in 2005." Last year this coalition of nuclear-capable states -- including Brazil, Egypt, Ireland, Mexico, New Zealand, South Africa, Sweden and eight NATO members -- voted for a new agenda resolution calling for implementing NPT commitments already made. Tragically, the United States, Britain and France voted against this resolution....

Carter - Ford debate

President Gerald Ford was in office for three years. He was great, but, it was a short period of time.

 Nuclear Policy 

Statement by the President (click here)

October 28, 1976

We have known since the age of nuclear energy began more than 30 years ago that this source of energy had the potential for tremendous benefits for mankind and the potential for unparalleled destruction.

On the one hand, there is no doubt that nuclear energy represents one of the best hopes for satisfying the rising world demand for energy with minimum environmental impact and with the potential for reducing dependence on uncertain and diminishing world supplies of oil.

On the other hand, nuclear fuel, as it produces power also produces plutonium, which can be chemically separated from the spent fuel. The plutonium can be recycled and used to generate additional nuclear power, thereby partially offsetting the need for additional energy resources. Unfortunately-and this is the root of the problem-the same plutonium produced in nuclear powerplants can, when chemically separated, also be used to make nuclear explosives.

The world community cannot afford to let potential nuclear weapons material or the technology to produce it proliferate uncontrolled over the globe....

President Nixon and Non-Proliferation

With the number of nuclear weapon states (click here) steadily rising, and tensions between the Cold War superpowers continuing to intensify, world leaders on both sides of the Iron Curtain recognized that “the proliferation of nuclear weapons would seriously enhance the danger of nuclear war.”

The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) became effective on March 5, 1970, when the United States and the Soviet Union, along 41 other individual states, submitted their depositions of the treaty in Washington, London, and Moscow.

Although the decade long process to produce the treaty began before Nixon’s presidency, the NPT was the first of several important international agreements signed between the US and the USSR under the Nixon Administration. At the time, many believed that non-proliferation through international cooperation was essential to protecting human lives around the world. For President Nixon, who ratified the treaty in November 1969, the NPT formed a crucial component of what he referred to as his “era of negotiation” with communist leaders.

While peaceful negotiations proved to be a hallmark of President Nixon’s policy towards the USSR, support for his course of action was not universally felt among all Americans. In 1969, Senator Barry Goldwater voiced his opposition to the NPT to the President, speaking for conservatives across the United States who felt a firmer hand was needed when dealing with communism, and its perceived threat to the American way of life. In a memorandum dated March 5, 1969, a year before the enforcement of the NPT, Henry Kissinger, acting as President Nixon’s National Security Advisor, detailed Senator Goldwater’s objections to the treaty in preparation for a meeting between the Senator and the President. However, the Administration was more than prepared to defend the NPT, and the security it brought to the American people.

President Johnson signed the NPT on July 1, 1968. He would celebrate the Fourth of July in three more days.

..."The atoms are for the enrichment of man, not his destruction...."

 

The USA was once very close to a nuclear conflict with the Soviet Union.

RADIO AND TELEVISION ADDRESS (click here) TO THE AMERICAN PEOPLE ON THE SOVIET ARMS BUILD-UP IN CUBA, 22 OCTOBER 1962 

The Cuban Missile Crisis of October 1962 (click here) was a direct and dangerous confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War and was the moment when the two superpowers came closest to nuclear conflict. The crisis was unique in a number of ways, featuring calculations and miscalculations as well as direct and secret communications and miscommunications between the two sides. The dramatic crisis was also characterized by the fact that it was primarily played out at the White House and the Kremlin level with relatively little input from the respective bureaucracies typically involved in the foreign policy process.

Aerial view of missile launch site at San Cristobal, Cuba. (John F. Kennedy Library)

That intelligence photo is not from 30,000 feet either. The pilot could have been shot down if the Cubans and Russia were preparing for war. They weren't. They simply were preparing to kill all people in the USA. Is there a reason to believe that is still not the aspirations of Putin's Russia?

After the failed U.S. attempt to overthrow the Castro regime in Cuba with the Bay of Pigs invasion, and while the Kennedy administration planned Operation Mongoose, in July 1962 Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev reached a secret agreement with Cuban premier Fidel Castro to place Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba to deter any future invasion attempt. Construction of several missile sites began in the late summer, but U.S. intelligence discovered evidence of a general Soviet arms build-up on Cuba, including Soviet IL–28 bombers, during routine surveillance flights, and on September 4, 1962, President Kennedy issued a public warning against the introduction of offensive weapons into Cuba. Despite the warning, on October 14 a U.S. U–2 aircraft took several pictures clearly showing sites for medium-range and intermediate-range ballistic nuclear missiles (MRBMs and IRBMs) under construction in Cuba. These images were processed and presented to the White House the next day, thus precipitating the onset of the Cuban Missile Crisis.

Kennedy summoned his closest advisers to consider options and direct a course of action for the United States that would resolve the crisis. Some advisers—including all the Joint Chiefs of Staff—argued for an air strike to destroy the missiles, followed by a U.S. invasion of Cuba; others favored stern warnings to Cuba and the Soviet Union....

The Non-Proliferation Treaty is reviewed every five years for progress being made to end nuclear weapons on Earth.

Since 1970. Why is it taking so long?

    

Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT): our dossier (click here)

The NPT (click here) allows for the parties to gather every five years to review its operation. At the 1995 Review and           Extension Conference, the parties extended the Treaty indefinitely and formalized the practice convening a Review Conference every five years. The Tenth NPT Review Conference has been delayed by the global COVID-19 pandemic, but parties aim to hold the meeting at the United Nations headquarters in New York in 2022. The official NPT Review Conference page can be found at the United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs....

Office of Disarmament Affairs (click here)

All the necessary people needed to secure reliable disarmament are in place. It is time for all countries owning nuclear weapons to act in earnest to end the existence of nuclear weapons. Nuclear technology is more dangerous today than ever before and it leads to a dead end. The nuclear holocaust must never be engaged as the only survivor may be Earth and certainly not in it's current state.

It is difficult to believe 52 years has gone by and far less progress has occurred than originally expected. 

Nuclear non-proliferation has been pursued for decades. Reducing the nuclear arsenal globally has been a purposeful pursuit so some idiot like Trump wouldn't do something so stupid it could cause a global retaliation that would destroy civilization. If nuclear weapons were ever used again, there would be little hope in the future for peace.

This is not a point of pride for the USA. It was survival with the understanding it was under attack.

A person's shadow on bank steps in Hiroshima, Japan, (click here) which was created during the 1945 nuclear blast.

Vaporized. There is nothing to be proud of and survival is not something we openly sought, it was a defense of the country we called home.

If nothing else, know this, the USA was not ended. After the first nuclear detonation to the beginning of the attacks on Japan to end a war cast upon the USA was a matter of weeks. The ideas of nuclear supremacy was not being sought by the scientists in the country, the Nazis were destroying Europe. The USA was very reluctant to go to war, even with the pleadings of strong allies such as Winston Churchill.

But, the attack from the Pacific was completely unexpected. Who, in their right minds would have conceived of Kamikaze pilots? What kind of enemy was this? We were astounded when al-Qaeda carried out such attacks. Seeing young children in Palestine march into crowds or enter a bus in Israel to kill themselves in a misdirected ideology. What KIND OF PEOPLE ARE THESE enemies?

The USA carried out it's attacks and destroyed cities with one blast. Putin is a fool.

On 16 July 1945, (click here) U.S. scientists working on the Manhattan Project successfully detonated the first-ever nuclear explosion in the ‘Trinity’ test at Alamogordo, New Mexico. With World War II still dragging on in the Pacific, preparations moved forward to use nuclear bombs against Japan.

On 6 August 1945, at 08:15, the first bomb was dropped on the centre of Hiroshima. ‘Little Boy’ was a gun-type fission bomb, using a conventional explosive charge to fire one sub-critical mass of uranium into another. This kind of device had never been tested before, but the scientists were confident it would work.

And it did. The bomb had an explosive yield of around 13 kilotons. At the moment of detonation, a fireball was generated that raised temperatures to 4,000 degrees Celsius, turning Hiroshima – where many buildings were made of wood and paper - into an inferno. The blast created shock waves faster than the speed of sound. This and the radiation immediately killed everything within one kilometre of the hypocentre.

After the blast, those who approached ground zero searching for the missing were exposed to radiation. Black rain, containing large amounts of radioactive fallout, caused widespread contamination. Estimates of casualties vary greatly. A more conservative estimate by the atomic archive lists 66,000 people killed immediately and a total death toll of 135,000, while the U.S.-Japanese Radiation Effects Research Foundation indicates a range of 90,000 to 166,000 deaths within the first four months....

I can hear it now.

Ivanka, “Daddy, what are you doing with those papers?”

Trump, “Making friends.”

Ivanka, “What do you mean making friends?”

Trump, “Well, I have to get these guys, Putin and Xi and the fellow from the Philippines to trust me. The best way I know how to do that is make their national security better by telling them the names and identity of their own people spilling their guts to US intelligence.”

Ivanka, “Oh. I suppose that makes sense.”

It started out about a dozen documents. I think that was the partial count of boxes.

August 26, 2022
By Perry Stein and Devlin Barrett

Mar-a-Lago affidavit (click here): 184 classified documents recovered in January

Some White House documents sent to the National Archives in January appear to contain Trump’s handwritten notes, court filing says.

There is no denying the writing belongs to Trump. He was in possession of the documents.

...On Aug. 8, FBI agents searched the estate in Palm Beach and carted away about 20 boxes from a bedroom, office and a first-floor storage room....

...Some were marked “HCS,” a category of highly classified government information; others related to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court and material meant not to be shared with foreign nations....

...It is unusual to make the details of such an affidavit public, particularly in an ongoing investigation. But numerous media organizations and other parties have asked that the document be unsealed, citing the extreme public interest in the case involving a former president who may run again in 2024....

...a telling revelation that a large number of individuals have provided information to the FBI about the classified documents that were kept at Mar-a-Lago....

The "PREMISES" were never a secured facility for the storage of classified military documents. It is a national security issue. How many copies were made and distributed. Russia and China didn't have to engage in corporate espionage, Trump made is easy for them. Trump was never president, he was Putin's yes man.

Case 9:22-mj-08332-BER Document 102-1 Entered on FLSD Docket 08/26/2022

 

Putin said, "Jump."

Trump said, "How high?"

Trump violated U.S.C. 793(c), 1519 or 2071

(c)

Whoever, for the purpose aforesaid, receives or obtains or agrees or attempts to receive or obtain from any person, or from any source whatever, any document, writing, code book, signal book, sketch, photograph, photographic negative, blueprint, plan, map, model, instrument, appliance, or note, of anything connected with the national defense, knowing or having reason to believe, at the time he receives or obtains, or agrees or attempts to receive or obtain it, that it has been or will be obtained, taken, made, or disposed of by any person contrary to the provisions of this chapter; 

2071 - Concealment, removal, or mutilation generally

(a)

Whoever willfully and unlawfully conceals, removes, mutilates, obliterates, or destroys, or attempts to do so, or, with intent to do so takes and carries away any record, proceeding, map, book, paper, document, or other thing, filed or deposited with any clerk or officer of any court of the United States, or in any public office, or with any judicial or public officer of the United States, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than three years, or both.

(b)

Whoever, having the custody of any such record, proceeding, map, book, document, paper, or other thing, willfully and unlawfully conceals, removes, mutilates, obliterates, falsifies, or destroys the same, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than three years, or both; and shall forfeit his office and be disqualified from holding any office under the United States. As used in this subsection, the term “office” does not include the office held by any person as a retired officer of the Armed Forces of the United States.

The United States of America has been compromised by its own president.

1994—Pub. L. 103–322 (click here) substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $2,000” in subsecs. (a) and (b).

 

1990—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101–510 inserted at end “As used in this subsection, the term ‘office’ does not include the office held by any person as a retired officer of the Armed Forces of the United States.”

I imagine that is $2000 per document.

I would also know what the agency found in the room where these documents were found. Were they the only documents there or what exactly seemed to be the function of the storage area besides hiding stolen documents. Availability of copiers, telecommunication devices and the records of those apparatus.

Executive Order 13526- Classified National Security Information (click here)

...Sec. 1.2.  Classification Levels.  (a)  Information may be classified at one of the following three levels:

(1)  "Top Secret" shall be applied to information, the unauthorized disclosure of which reasonably could be expected to cause exceptionally grave damage to the national security that the original classification authority is able to identify or describe.

(2)  "Secret" shall be applied to information, the unauthorized disclosure of which reasonably could be expected to cause serious damage to the national security that the original classification authority is able to identify or describe.

(3)  "Confidential" shall be applied to information, the unauthorized disclosure of which reasonably could be expected to cause damage to the national security that the original classification authority is able to identify or describe....

...Sec. 1.4.  Classification Categories....

...(a)  military plans, weapons systems, or operations;

(b)  foreign government information;

(c)  intelligence activities (including covert action), intelligence sources or methods, or cryptology;

(d)  foreign relations or foreign activities of the United States, including confidential sources;

(e)  scientific, technological, or economic matters relating to the national security;

(f)  United States Government programs for safeguarding nuclear materials or facilities;

(g)  vulnerabilities or capabilities of systems, installations, infrastructures, projects, plans, or protection services relating to the national security; or

(h)  the development, production, or use of weapons of mass destruction....

There is a lot of words used in this affidavit that is rather scary. This wasn't simply classified and filed, this is also about the agencies and their agents.

Under "Statutory Authority and Definitions"

SCI - Sensitive Compartmented Information

 SI - Special Intelligence is a control system (a safeguard system) within an SCI to prevent foreign intelligence from monitoring the US Government's deepest secrets.

Paragraph 13

HUMIT is an intelligence control systems for SCI to protect clandestine human sources also called "human intelligence." In other words, those human beings in the world that act IN TRUST to the USA to bring about better security for the USA and other countries were in the mix of the documents Trump stole. The agencies have to find out if these Human Intelligence have indeed been compromised and bring them to the USA if they were. This aspect of the affidavit could be highly injurious to the USA considering how long it takes to develop this kind of trusted human intelligence.

It is one thing to have corporate and government espionage by foreign powers, but, these are human beings that developed a loyalty to the USA and trusted it. There is a lot that has to be weeded through to determine exactly who was compromised and if we can know if harm came to them as an act by this president. 

FISA - Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act

NOFORN - Not releasable to foreign nationals/governments/US citizens

ORCON - Originator Controlled - distribution beyond designated US entities and persons must have originator approval. There is also extensive discussion in the Executive Order about originators. So, this is a sensitive issue in that there is a high level of trust within this classification. The originator of the document remains in the loop for any distribution beyond what the originator considers pertinent to share. This includes all sorts of legal implications for the USA as well. Patents come to mind. There is probably foreign intelligence that falls into this category as well. Even troop movements as reported by a source other than the USA military. We see a lot of originator information within the Ukraine war. Average folks shared information that was gathered from common sources. The information was important to military operations. 

"Need to Know" comes up as a function of the government even when dealing with foreign governments. Levels of classification of PERSONNEL comes to play in this aspect of the classification system. 

My nightmare is probably true. Under that same heading in the affidavit in paragraph 18 are the words,

...automated information systems, including networks and telecommunication systems... 

Trump transmitted information. He also didn't care about having these documents in a proper holding area. There must be electronic records that could be hacked into or read electronically by outside sources.

November 25, 2019

By Kevin Breuninger

A Chinese businesswoman (click here) convicted of trespassing at President Donald Trump’s Mar-a-Lago resort while carrying a bag full of electronics is sentenced to eight months in jail.

Yujing Zhang, a 33-year-old Shanghai business consultant, was arrested on March 30 and charged with unlawfully entering Trump’s Mar-a-Lago club and lying to federal agents.

She was convicted on both counts by a 12-member jury in Florida federal court in September, following a brief but unusual trial....

Michael Moore has an interesting release on Substack this week about his time at Maralago. Not until people were gathering and taking selfies with him did any security personnel stop his progression through the facility.

32 C.F.R. Parts 2001 (click here) and 2003 (click here); specifically 32 C.F.R. 2001.43 (click here) also

Cornell
32 CFR § 2001.43 - Storage (click here)

The storage area at Maralago was never certified by the GSA, a vault built to federal standards or an area constructed according to specifications of 2001.53.

Listed in the affidavit in entirety of parts of law of significance to the affidavit:

18 U.S.C. 1518

18 U.S.C. 2071

PRA 44 U.S.C. 2201

44 U.S.C.3301(a)

They can be read on Page 6, just before the section "Probable Cause"

February 9, 2022 was the trigger that began the investigation at DOJ, when a Special Agent assigned to NARA's Office of Inspector General received information from NARA's White House Liaison Division the 15 boxes retrieved from Maralago besides public records were classified documents that had been opened and strewn in with all the other information and records as well as improperly identified. It was a security breach.

Congress was notified with the first in line the Chairwoman of Oversight and Reform in the USA House Carolyn Maloney. There is a URL listed. Then came the enforcement of the "Big Lie" once again by "Save America Political Action Committee." Lies about the agents never finding anything and how this was a big political stunt, no doubt by President Biden himself. No loyalty to the country was expressed at all. Everything was to enforce "The Big Lie" that Trump was still and even more so "Poor Trump" burdened heavily with all the faults and corruption of the USA Government. I doubt seriously any such PAC will apologize for the propaganda campaign while the USA was treated with enormous disrespect by Trump himself and allowed the country to be compromised.

January 18, 2021 a report from CBS Miami citing moving trucks at Maralago.

Section "Provisions of the 15 Boxes" - page 13

May 6, 2021 NARA request for missing PRA records and continued to ask for them until December 2021 when NARA was informed 12 boxes were found and ready  for retrieval at the PREMISES.

Section The Fifteen Boxes provided to NARA contained classified information - Page 16 of the affidavit.

May 16-18, 2021 FBI agents did a preliminary review and found classified documents in 14 of the 15 boxes. Then the breakdown of the documents, 184 unique document total with 67 marked confidential, 92 marked secret and 25 marked top secret. 

Another abbreviation of NDI is listed in the affidavit. The only NDI I am familiar with is (click here).

Entering the picture are the legal advisers to Trump and a letter what's value is enough to present to a judge considering action with the information presented. Also a reference to May 5, 2022, "Breitbart" and Kash Patel with another URL.

It is going to be difficult to attempt to tie all this together because it is heavily redacted. This is page 18.

Page 21 of the affidavit June 8, 2022 a letter between DOJ and Trump counsel states the PREMISES was basically in violation of the security of the USA as it never had sufficient means to protect the documents to standard.

Page 22 - Footnote number 2 refers to 18 U.S.C. 793(e) and it has been viewed legally in reference to military national defense. Case law is stated. 312 U.S. 19 28 (1941), applicable language including the Espionage Act. More case law 221 F.3d 542 579 (4th Cir 2000), more case law 844 F.2d 1057, 1071-72 (4th Cir. 1988) and also Case Law 844 F.2d at 1071-72.

I don't recall Footnote 1. It must be redacted.

June 9, 2022 Trump's counsel acknowledges receipt of the DOJ letter.

New section on page 25 entitled, There is Probable Cause to Believe That Documents Containing Classified NDI and Presidential Records Remain at the Premises

Page 28 lists the exact places where documents were found, STORAGE ROOM, the president's suite at Maralago, Pine Hall and "45 Office." EGO TRIP. Trump was president number 45, yes? The affidavit goes on to say, these areas and others are not secure or authorized since January 20, 2021. 

Section "Conclusion" 

No one is holding back for any reason, there is reason to believe and plenty of it evidently, although it would only take one classified document to violate 18 U.S.C. 793(e), 2071 or 1519. Here is mentioned for the second time Attachment A and now there is Attachment B.

Section "Request for Sealing" is to protect the documents submitted as evidence. There is some open question about the thoroughness of the documents returned and more being in the possession of Trump on the PREMISES.

Section that speaks to rules for handling Client - Privilege Documents on Page 30 and 31.

Exhibit 1 on Pages 31 to 35

Attachment A on Page 36

Attachment B on Page 37

Total of 38 pages of the document with non-disclosure of page 38, probably a blank.

Trump and is alternate universe and media is untrustworthy and dangerous to not just the people of the USA, but, every other person and country that trusted the USA.

Putin doesn’t know when he is beat.

 He is like Trump in that way.

The latest from Putin is that he is increasing the military. How? Sanctions and tanks that kill their personal. Where is he getting the materials to reconstitute his hardware and where are the soldiers coming from?

It isn’t just the materials and equipment, without the USA’s stolen knowledge the expertise isn’t there. That reality plays interestingly into the files at Maralago. Putin and Trump planned to conquer the world. The USA coup was just the first step.

I think Putin alliance with Trump was more than protecting Russian sovereignty with USA know how, it was a much bigger picture. Putin knew he had only one shot at this and it was Trump. Trump bought into it.

Ukraine is not Syria. He got away with killing and destroying infrastructure in Syria because those that opposed him were fighting a primitive war. Ukraine is not a primitive war. Putin is out of touch with reality because those that surround him are afraid of prison and death. To keep Putin happy is to assure them their lives. Putin needs to be told the reality of Russia’s military inferiority and decline since his invasion into Ukraine. 

It is okay for Russia to admit it is failing. It is a good place to face reality and find peace. No one is looking to invade Russia to take it over and commit genocide of the people. The world is not interested in that. He needs to stop complaining about NATO expansion as if Ukraine is not Russian expansion.

I want to remind Americans how important the Biden Administration has been.

December 26, 2021
By Dana Hedgpeth

A number of beagles (click here) have already been rehomed at an out-of-state adoption shelter.

Federal officials (click here) making unannounced inspections this summer of a large beagle-breeding facility in Virginia found dozens of animal welfare violations: records indicating that hundreds of puppies had died of “unknown causes” over a span of months; dogs’ food dispensers teeming with insects; and reeking kennels with piles of feces, urine and food underneath them.

Based on the routine inspections conducted in July, officials from the U.S. Department of Agriculture cited Envigo — an Indianapolis-based firm that breeds dogs and sells them as research animals to the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries — for mistreatment of beagles and poor conditions at the facility in Cumberland, Va., about 50 miles west of Richmond.

Officials said records at the facility showed that in a seven-month period, more than 300 puppies died of “unknown causes.” There were incomplete records on the deaths....

When the USDA inspected the "Envigo" facility it didn't write a report, it forced the removal of beagles to shelters and pet rescues. The agencies of the USA are operating better and in strong advocacy for MORAL treatment for every aspect of American life. Morality isn't just for humans.

This action by the USDA brought pressure to government officials to act.

The controversy surrounding the Envigo dog breeding facility in Cumberland County continues to grow, and has led Virginia’s senators to demand federal action....

No, they didn't shutter the place either, they enforced existing law and improved the facility and it's practices.

...Documents outlining improvements made over the past four months at the Cumberland Envigo facility mirrored the plan the company described in November, including improving pay, increasing staff, improving training, improving infrastructure and improving outreach to find homes for dogs that are no longer needed at the facility....

And it hasn't stopped just with dogs. Being a moral society is more than vaccinations and the right to become a member of the uplifting Middle Class. It is the entire focus of life as an American.

Recovering the USA post Trump isn't easy or simple, but, it is moral and correct.

February 18, 2022

By Andre Bell and Lyndsay M. Cole

Washington - The United States Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) (click here) is inviting public comments on a proposal to amend the Animal Welfare Act (AWA) regulations to establish new regulations and standards governing the humane handling, care, treatment, and transportation of birds. The proposed regulations would apply to captive birds not bred for use in research.

The proposal would ensure each individual bird that is subject to the AWA is raised and maintained in conditions that ensure its good health and well-being and that its physical and behavioral needs are met. The proposed rule outlines how entities with birds can obtain a license and the standards they would have to follow.

APHIS is asking the public to provide comments on how this proposed rule would impact the regulated community, as well as ways that APHIS might assist regulated entities with implementation of these standards, whether through documents, guides, training, or other means. APHIS also invites comments on the proposed operating standards for facilities, the proposed animal health and husbandry standards, and the proposed transportation standards.

These proposed standards would allow APHIS to ensure the welfare of birds while affording flexibility in implementing the standards to bird breeders, dealers, exhibitors, and transporters....

The problem with student loan debt is the cost of tuition.

May 8, 2017
By Noa Maltzman

Since 1963, (click here) college tuition (tuition, fees room and board) has increased approximately 1,640 percent. College tuition has risen faster than the rate of inflation and faster than health care costs. According to Gordon Wadsworth, author of The College Trap, the cost of higher education has increased over 2 ½ times the inflation rate. Not only is tuition rising but the cost of running a university is also rising....

There are other sources that concur with Noa Maltzman (click here). Part of the problem in rising tuition differs from private and public colleges. But, the student loan program is a life line for American who can no longer afford a college education regardless of assets or income. 

25 August 2022

By Lystra Small-Clouden

...My school didn’t play fairly with me (click here) while I pursued my doctoral degree. The administrators changed the length of my program from three to six years. They actively steered me away from my research interest in the effects of slavery and globalization, adding more time to my program of study. Meanwhile, I continued to pay. From an initial loan payoff of $75,000 per year, my debt rose to $300,000....

This case should be litigated, but, no one ever wants to sue their Alma Mater. There are many times that an institute exceeds what is reasonable as an annual budget, because, it will be passed on to the students in the way of fees. If anyone wants to define the issue look into the fees charged to students and an entire reality will open up that most Americans don't know about. The fee structure is where any corruption lies in the way of constructing buildings or so called improvements to the milieu of the college experience. Then in public institutions there are bonds that translate into construction contracts for good or for bad. It would be interesting to know the amount of concrete, brick, steel, and marble used on college campuses as compared to the rest of the USA.

Yes, America, you are paying a contractor's salary and all the while the contractor is laughing about the people attending the university or college in order to make half or less of his/her take.

The USA is not alone in the escalating costs of college.

25 November 2021

By Rachel Hall

...The largest amount of debt amassed by a student in England (click here) is £189,700, according to official figures as research warns of the severe “psychological toll” that high levels of student debt is taking on graduates.

The Student Loan Company said the £189,700 figure was “an exceptional case” and was possibly accrued over loans for several courses, for instance because the person had undertaken postgraduate study or dropped out of multiple courses, according to a response to a Freedom of Information request.

However, when the FOI response was published on Reddit, it prompted an outpouring of comments from graduates citing student debts around the £100,000 mark, including those who had studied five-year medicine degrees, postgraduate courses or who had switched courses or institutions....

President Biden did the right thing in student debt forgiveness. It is what he can do. Student debt forgiveness improves the GDP of the country. Students can now plan to purchase homes and not fear of having a family. There is a lot of good energy that comes out of  loan forgiveness. That increase in income monthly to students translate into a far better trajectory in the long term.

What Congress needs to do is evaluate the cost of education in the USA, find the abuses and prosecute the exploitation.

American students deserve a good education, but, they also deserve a good shot at life after they graduate. And it isn't right young people only focus on the lucrative jobs and/or professions in the USA, we need all of them. The sciences, the arts, math and physics. We need those that manage business well including those that can look at healthy financial balances. We need teachers, doctors, nurses and scientists in the labs finding and creating better lives for Americans. The thing about the jobs that have higher salaries, they aren't always the people that begin with that goal. Many times a student in liberal arts will find a unique path to entrepreneurship no one has thought of before.

Probably the best example of a person walking his or her own path to success is Steve Wozniak (click here). The inventor needs to be able to build the invention and can't if student debt has piled up.

"My dream (click here) was actually just to have a computer some day. If I'd imagined that it meant starting a company to sell them, I probably would have avoided the whole thing."

Hi Reddit, I’m Steve Wozniak. (click here)

I will be participating in a Reddit AMA to answer any and all questions. I promise to answer all questions honestly, in totally open fashion, even when the answer is that I don’t have an answer to a specific question or that I don’t know enough to answer it.

I recently shot an interview with Reddit as part of their new series Formative, in which I talk about the early days of Apple. You can watch it here:...

I am confident people reading this can think of their own heroes in success stories, but, when did they make that leap into success and who was there to provide the path forward?

The problem with the sour grapes of student forgiveness is not the student, it is the cost of education. 

Congress needs to be able to provide the American people with trajectories going forward so these problems don't exist so much as anticipated. I don't believe the Board of Directors/Trustees necessarily always have the best outcomes for students if they are not prudent to the cost of education in their institutions. I think if there was an in-depth analysis conducted of the cost of education and the actual nuts and bolts of how ridiculous it has become there would some very interesting outcomes. The future of the cost of education must be a directive of Congress to understand it and publish the results of that analysis to every parent of a student in the country. Make it mandatory reading at the first Parent-Teacher Organization meeting for parents of kindergarteners. 

I sincerely believe this is a national security issue. No one who cooperates in a highly classified investigation wants to be in full public view. There isn't an American in this country that would envy the position of the patriot that assisted DOJ. The hate and threats would be unending. Those involved with Trump are very dangerous people and they mean to end any truth about Trump as the truth is adverse to his public image.

For all we know the witness are the movers that packed the boxes and transported them. It would not be right for an average person to have such heavy scrutiny by the public. It can damage the person involved and the family.

I think the DOJ is correct in being cautious. It is important the truth comes out, but, we aren't at trial yet. This is all preliminary. I realize the country wants to know the degree of security breached by Trump for his own purposes, but, the DOJ and the US Military are aware of the circumstances by now and have moved to protect the country.

None of this is about politics. Attorney General Garland is not jumping for joy and finding the first journalist to leak everything. It would be to the advantage of many if the entire record was released before the November election, but, there is plenty unearthed by the January 6th Committee that may find this information pale compared  to the obvious involvement in Trump on January 6th.

More than anything I would love to have the Trumpies realize the error of their candidate's ways, but, I do believe there are very hard core haters that will never have a go to Jesus moment, especially Ginny and Clarence. I mean, Trump was in office for reasons other than people believed in him to be a great president. Those backing him and frequently at his side in the White House have an agenda. The reason Ginny the Valkyrie was in the Oval Office all the time was to police Trump that he was headed down the right path; for the sake of the country of course.

...“The mob (click here) was accomplishing President Trump’s purpose, so of course he didn’t intervene,” Rep. Adam Kinzinger (R-Ill.) said. “President Trump did not fail to act... He chose not to act.”...

What is there to say? Trump wanted to be at the Capitol to direct the activities. He wanted to be in the chamber where the Electoral College was meeting. He had no right or authority in that chamber, but, this was the coup after all and he had to micromanage.

Trump clearly hurt this country while he was in office. So, far, we are getting back on our feet. Protecting Europe in backing Ukraine is one of the most important steps the USA can take to demonstrate to the world, evil will not triumph over good. That is who we are. If the coup had occurred the world would be facing a far different reality and there is a good chance populations of people would be in peril. The incident where Trump attempted to intimidate President Zelensky and held back military munitions that was to protect Ukraine's sovereignty has to be one of the most dramatic acts of hatred as well as a direct attack on the USA's national security. After all, who were we when an idiot gets into office?

The retrieval of the documents from Mara Lago is important, but, it only clearly demonstrations AGAIN how Trump's priorities were not that of the American people. We are a strong country. We are stronger than Trump could ever hope to be. We seek friends while he looks out for enemies. There is a huge difference in what the American people believe and represent and what Trump did during four years of chaos and scandal.

If there is a guilty party to any of this, including those unsecure documents, it was the Republicans in the US Senate that cowered to the idiot in the first place. They were given two times to impeach him and they acted stupidly in protecting this country! The US Senate under McConnell's leadership failed this country enormously. 

August 25, 2022

By Perry Stein

...Multiple media outlets, (click here) including The Washington Post, have called on the judge to unseal all the court documents related to the Mar-a-Lago search. Attorney General Merrick Garland asked Reinhart to unseal the warrant and an inventory list that includes vague descriptions of the classified materials federal agents say they recovered from Mar-a-Lago, but opposed the release of the affidavit....