October 24, 2016 (New Zealand)
By John Maunder
It contains approximately 75 per cent of the atmosphere's mass and 99 per cent of its water vapour and aerosols.
The average depth of the troposphere is approximately 17 km in the middle latitudes.
The tropospheric temperature data for 2011 is January 0.0 degrees Celsius, February -0.02, March -0.10, April +0.12, May +0.14, June +0.32, July +0.38, August +0.33, September +0.29, October +0.12, November +0.12, December +0.10 degrees.
The data for 2012 is: January -0.09 degrees, February -0.12, March +0.11, April +0.29, May +0.29, June +0.37, July +0.28, August +0.34, November +0.28, December +0.20 degrees.
The data for 2013 is: January +0.50 degrees, February +0.18, March +0.20, April +0.10, May +0.07, June +0.30, July +0.17, August +0,16, September +0.37, October +0.29, November +0.19, December +0.23 degrees.
The data for 2014 is: January +0.30 degrees, February +0.18, March +0.17, April +0.19, May +0.33, June +0.31, July +0.30, August +0.20, September +0.30, October +0.37, November +0.33, and December +0.33 degrees Celsius.
The data for 2015 is: January +0.20 degrees C, February +0.18 degrees C, March +0.14 degrees C, April +0.07 degrees C, May +0.30 degrees C, June +0.32 degrees C, July +0.18 degrees C, August +0.22 degrees C, September +0.20 degrees C, October +0.32 degrees C, November +0.40 degrees C, and December +0.48 degrees C.
The data for 2016 is: January +0.55 degrees C, February +0.83 degrees C, March +0.73 degrees C, April +0.71 degrees C, May +0.55 degrees, June +0.33 degrees C, July +0.39 degrees C, August +0.38 degrees C, and September +0.44 degrees C.
The coolest months since 1979 were September 1984, with minus 0.49 degrees Celsius, and November 1984, with minus 0.42 degrees Celsius.
The warmest months were February 2016 with plus 0.83 degrees C, February and April 1998, both plus 0.76 degrees Celsius, and March 2016 plus 0.73 degrees, and April 2016 plus 0.73 degrees Celsius.
The chart shows the El Nino warming in the 1998 period, and 2015-16, and the Mount Pinatubo, volcanic cooling during 1992-1993.
The anthropogenic heat generated does not allow El Nino events to return to baseline. The El Nino of 1982 - 1983 was every bit a strong event, but, it never had the long lasting effects of heating Earth's troposphere that exists in years since.
1988-1989 was a strong La Nina year. It never delivered lasting coolness to counter the anthropogenic heating.
1988-1989 was a strong La Nina year. It never delivered lasting coolness to counter the anthropogenic heating.
The Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) (click here) has become the de-facto standard that NOAA uses for identifying El Niño (warm) and La Niña (cool) events in the tropical Pacific....
