Pflugers Arch. 2014 Feb;466(2):183-93. doi: 10.1007/s00424-013-1293-1. Epub 2013 May 15.
Na/K pump regulation of cardiac repolarization: insights from a systems biology approach.
Bueno-Orovio A1, Sánchez C, Pueyo E, Rodriguez B.
The sodium-potassium pump (click here) is widely recognized as the principal mechanism for active ion transport across the cellular membrane of cardiac tissue, being responsible for the creation and maintenance of the transarcolemmal sodium and potassium gradients, crucial for cardiac cell electrophysiology....
The way executions work is that potassium chloride is injected in amounts that overloads the natural mechanism of the heart and ends the ability of the cardiac muscle to pump blood.
Potassium acetate cannot be metabolized by the natural mechanisms of the heart. If that is what caused the prisoners pain and prolonged suffering, the family needs to sue.
One other thing: Potassium chloride is readily available. There are all kinds of supplies in any hospital. It's supply is plentiful and critical.
Potassium acetate (C2H3KO2)
Potassium chloride (KCl)
The potassium chloride molecule is very simple. It is also polar. Not Arctic Ocean polar. It has an electrical charge. Below to the left is how a potassium chloride molecule bonds. Molecules bond together. But, the molecule isn't a solid in human metabolism. It is in solution and the bonding charges are available for metabolism.
Potassium acetate is a far more complicated molecule with a double bonded oxygen. It is more difficult for the human metabolism to use the acetate molecule, especially when a heart rate is at risk. The human metabolism is beautiful. It makes caring for it easy.
I'll try to find a potassium - sodium pump to realize how perfect the KCl molecule is for that purpose.
This website provides an explanation, but, sometimes I can find an animated illustration.
The Sodium-Potassium Pump (click here)
Here it is. Ignore that mess about ATP. That is about the energy budget needed for metabolism. It will distract from the working of the KCl in relation to the changing shape of the cell. Now in addition to the change in shape of the cell to dictate muscular movement, the cardiac cell is unique. There is only place where cardiac cells are found. Cardiac tissue/cells is found only in the heart and it is the muscle that contracts the pumping. So whatever makes this muscle work is the only thing that makes it work.
The prison system is grossly lacking professional staff if they are accepting potassium acetate for executions. Got it! The medical society does not participate in executions. It is a professional standard that cannot be ignored by a responsible society.
Na/K pump regulation of cardiac repolarization: insights from a systems biology approach.
Bueno-Orovio A1, Sánchez C, Pueyo E, Rodriguez B.
The sodium-potassium pump (click here) is widely recognized as the principal mechanism for active ion transport across the cellular membrane of cardiac tissue, being responsible for the creation and maintenance of the transarcolemmal sodium and potassium gradients, crucial for cardiac cell electrophysiology....
The way executions work is that potassium chloride is injected in amounts that overloads the natural mechanism of the heart and ends the ability of the cardiac muscle to pump blood.
Potassium acetate cannot be metabolized by the natural mechanisms of the heart. If that is what caused the prisoners pain and prolonged suffering, the family needs to sue.
One other thing: Potassium chloride is readily available. There are all kinds of supplies in any hospital. It's supply is plentiful and critical.
Potassium acetate (C2H3KO2)
Potassium chloride (KCl)
The potassium chloride molecule is very simple. It is also polar. Not Arctic Ocean polar. It has an electrical charge. Below to the left is how a potassium chloride molecule bonds. Molecules bond together. But, the molecule isn't a solid in human metabolism. It is in solution and the bonding charges are available for metabolism.
Potassium acetate is a far more complicated molecule with a double bonded oxygen. It is more difficult for the human metabolism to use the acetate molecule, especially when a heart rate is at risk. The human metabolism is beautiful. It makes caring for it easy.I'll try to find a potassium - sodium pump to realize how perfect the KCl molecule is for that purpose.
This website provides an explanation, but, sometimes I can find an animated illustration.
The Sodium-Potassium Pump (click here)
Here it is. Ignore that mess about ATP. That is about the energy budget needed for metabolism. It will distract from the working of the KCl in relation to the changing shape of the cell. Now in addition to the change in shape of the cell to dictate muscular movement, the cardiac cell is unique. There is only place where cardiac cells are found. Cardiac tissue/cells is found only in the heart and it is the muscle that contracts the pumping. So whatever makes this muscle work is the only thing that makes it work.
The prison system is grossly lacking professional staff if they are accepting potassium acetate for executions. Got it! The medical society does not participate in executions. It is a professional standard that cannot be ignored by a responsible society.
