1. A clean development mechanism is hereby defined.
Clean as I understand it, is well defined and obvious to it's purpose and outcome.
2. The purpose of the clean development mechanism shall be to assist Parties not included in Annex I in achieving sustainable development and in contributing to the ultimate objective of the Convention, and to assist Parties included in Annex I in achieving compliance with their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments under Article 3.
3. Under the clean development mechanism:
(a) Parties not included in Annex I will benefit from project activities resulting in certified emission reductions; and
Clear and measurable.
(b) Parties included in Annex I may use the certified emission reductions accruing from such project activities to contribute to compliance with part of their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments under Article 3, as determined by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol.
4. The clean development mechanism shall be subject to the authority and guidance of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol and be supervised by an executive board of the clean development mechanism.
5. Emission reductions resulting from each project activity shall be certified by operational entities to be designated by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, on the basis of:
Clear, measurable and consistent.
(a) Voluntary participation approved by each Party involved;
While all international agreements are voluntary, even when ratifying an agreement; the new agreement have all but three or four countries signing on to it. The new agreement isn't really voluntary with so many countries participating. It has to go forward, without exception.
(b) Real, measurable, and long-term benefits related to the mitigation of climate change; and
(c) Reductions in emissions that are additional to any that would occur in the absence of the certified project activity.
I have a little problem with (c). It seems to me if a country reduced it's emissions over what was certified and stated in the beginning of it's commitment; it could have occurred because there was rapid response by the climate environment with a country's borders. Any exceptional outcomes should be recognized and rewarded. The UN must develop a reward of it's own to mark the accomplishment as extraordinary.
One thing to realize, climate can react favorably when such shifts in emissions takes place. If that is the case then that country may have meet it's goal while others won't achieve such remarkable strides for five years or more. The achievement of 'zero greenhouse gas emissions' would then require maintenance of it.
Another aspect to this that the UN has to develop is a policy about migrating pollution/emissions. The Clean Air model of the USA recognizes when wind sends pollution across state borders. The source then has to be identified and it becomes the emitting state to deal with such DRIFT.
Point Source is very important. Funding is realized through the need to control the source.
6. The clean development mechanism shall assist in arranging funding of certified project activities as necessary.
7. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, at its first session, elaborate modalities and procedures with the objective of ensuring transparency, efficiency and accountability through independent auditing and verification of project activities.
8. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall ensure that a share of the proceeds from certified project activities is used to cover administrative expenses as well as to assist developing country Parties that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change to meet the costs of adaptation.
9. Participation under the clean development mechanism, including in activities mentioned in paragraph 3
(a) above and in the acquisition of certified emission reductions, may involve private and/or public entities, and is to be subject to whatever guidance may be provided by the executive board of the clean development mechanism.
10. Certified emission reductions obtained during the period from the year 2000 up to the beginning of the first commitment period can be used to assist in achieving compliance in the first commitment period.
This article is mostly housekeeping. It supplies practical information as to how the protocol will roll out.
The United Nations should entertain a fine for big polluters that do not commit and achieve reductions. Those fines can be applied to funding for other countries as well.
Clean as I understand it, is well defined and obvious to it's purpose and outcome.
2. The purpose of the clean development mechanism shall be to assist Parties not included in Annex I in achieving sustainable development and in contributing to the ultimate objective of the Convention, and to assist Parties included in Annex I in achieving compliance with their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments under Article 3.
3. Under the clean development mechanism:
(a) Parties not included in Annex I will benefit from project activities resulting in certified emission reductions; and
Clear and measurable.
(b) Parties included in Annex I may use the certified emission reductions accruing from such project activities to contribute to compliance with part of their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments under Article 3, as determined by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol.
4. The clean development mechanism shall be subject to the authority and guidance of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol and be supervised by an executive board of the clean development mechanism.
5. Emission reductions resulting from each project activity shall be certified by operational entities to be designated by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, on the basis of:
Clear, measurable and consistent.
(a) Voluntary participation approved by each Party involved;
While all international agreements are voluntary, even when ratifying an agreement; the new agreement have all but three or four countries signing on to it. The new agreement isn't really voluntary with so many countries participating. It has to go forward, without exception.
(b) Real, measurable, and long-term benefits related to the mitigation of climate change; and
(c) Reductions in emissions that are additional to any that would occur in the absence of the certified project activity.
I have a little problem with (c). It seems to me if a country reduced it's emissions over what was certified and stated in the beginning of it's commitment; it could have occurred because there was rapid response by the climate environment with a country's borders. Any exceptional outcomes should be recognized and rewarded. The UN must develop a reward of it's own to mark the accomplishment as extraordinary.
One thing to realize, climate can react favorably when such shifts in emissions takes place. If that is the case then that country may have meet it's goal while others won't achieve such remarkable strides for five years or more. The achievement of 'zero greenhouse gas emissions' would then require maintenance of it.
Another aspect to this that the UN has to develop is a policy about migrating pollution/emissions. The Clean Air model of the USA recognizes when wind sends pollution across state borders. The source then has to be identified and it becomes the emitting state to deal with such DRIFT.
Point Source is very important. Funding is realized through the need to control the source.
6. The clean development mechanism shall assist in arranging funding of certified project activities as necessary.
7. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, at its first session, elaborate modalities and procedures with the objective of ensuring transparency, efficiency and accountability through independent auditing and verification of project activities.
8. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall ensure that a share of the proceeds from certified project activities is used to cover administrative expenses as well as to assist developing country Parties that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change to meet the costs of adaptation.
9. Participation under the clean development mechanism, including in activities mentioned in paragraph 3
(a) above and in the acquisition of certified emission reductions, may involve private and/or public entities, and is to be subject to whatever guidance may be provided by the executive board of the clean development mechanism.
10. Certified emission reductions obtained during the period from the year 2000 up to the beginning of the first commitment period can be used to assist in achieving compliance in the first commitment period.
This article is mostly housekeeping. It supplies practical information as to how the protocol will roll out.
The United Nations should entertain a fine for big polluters that do not commit and achieve reductions. Those fines can be applied to funding for other countries as well.
