Race and Identity as a dividing line in American politics (click here) Did the shift to the right accomplish a benevolent outcome? Why were personage left out of the conservative picture when only profits matter? What is the role of government, profits of corporations or the well being of the citizens?
To understand how Orban divided Hungry to gain a dictatorship is more than a patriotic duty.
PARTY POLITICS, PARTY SYSTEM AND THE TYPOLOGY OF POLITICAL CLEAVAGES IN HUNGARY
Working Paper: Budapest 1998 - Barcelona 2000
CONTENTS:
1.11 Years of Multipartism in Hungary - Classical Cleavage Theory Revisited
2.The Historical Dimension: Hungarian Cleavages and PartiesPrior to 1989
3.Frozen Cleavages and Changing Parties in Post-Communist Hungary from 1989 to Mid-1997
4.The Restructuring of the Party System:NATO Referendum 1997 - Parliamentary Elections 1998
Cleavage theory (click here) accordingly argues that political cleavages predominantly determine a country's party system as well as the individual voting behavior of citizens, dividing them into voting blocs.
Transnationalism is an issue in Europe for obvious reasons. But, it's study is far more about where a country is politically cleaved and how populism plays into voting when social norms are considered part of the cost.
...Our point of departure is the classic cleavage model, and in the next section,
we discuss alternative ways of explaining its decline. In the following sections,
we argue that transnationalism has generated social conflict that escapes the
old left-right divide, and we set out expectations for why and when political parties have socially distinct constituencies on the new divide. We then
put our cleavage argument to the test: we compare the extent to which
voters and parties are structured by higher education, occupation, rural/urban
location, religion, and gender across the old and new divides, pooling crossnational data from eight waves of the European Social Survey. We find
that conventional parties on the left-right have become much less socially
structured. However, parties on the socio-cultural transnational divide—GAL
(green, alternative, libertarian) and TAN (traditionalist, authoritarian, nationalist)—have sharply divergent social bases. In the conclusion, we discuss how
this transnational divide has narrowed the parameters for tackling Europe’s
crises, and how Europe’s crises have accelerated the restructuring of party
competition in Europe....
