Primary cosmic rays are dominantly protons (H nuclei-- GeV-- much energy associated with them).
Secondary when protons enter into the upper atmosphere they produce neutrons, which have high enough energies to split off portions of small nuclei In the upper atmosphere where there is a lot of 14N, 14N is hit by a neutron which knocks off a proton to form 14C [14N(n,p)14C].
The amount of 14C is a function of the number of neutrons which is dependent upon the amount of primary protons which enter the upper atmosphere.
It is possible to determine the amount of anthropogenic methane is being emitted from drilling and fracking. It is a lot and it needs to stop.
19 February 2020By Carly Casella
Tiny bubbles of ancient air (click here) trapped in ice cores from Greenland suggest we've been seriously overestimating the natural cycle of methane, while vastly undervaluing our own terrible impact.
Methane is an 'invisible climate menace' - roughly 30 times more potent as a heat-trapper than carbon dioxide - and while some of this atmospheric gas is produced naturally, new research indicates humans are responsible for far more of it than we thought until now.
Before the industrial revolution, when humans began to extract and burn fossil fuels on the regular, natural methane emissions were an order of magnitude smaller than current estimates, the study suggests....
The original investigation appears in "Nature" on 19 February 2020 (click here) The facts have been plain for some time now, the natural emissions of methane from Earth is far lower if not completely absent from that of the emissions of anthropogenic sources.
The leaks need to stop NOW and the drilling and cracking have to be concluded as the highest source of methane in the troposphere today.
December 12, 2019
By Jonah M. Kessel and Hiroko Tabuchi
Immense amounts of methane (click here) are escaping from oil and gas sites nationwide, worsening global warming, even as the Trump administration weakens restrictions on offenders....
December 12, 2019
By Jonah M. Kessel and Hiroko Tabuchi
Immense amounts of methane (click here) are escaping from oil and gas sites nationwide, worsening global warming, even as the Trump administration weakens restrictions on offenders....
