Telegraphy is the long-distance transmission of written messages without physical transport of letters

In 1837 as the interruption of letters were an issue and the transportation of communication was slow, a new method of transmitting information was developed. 

It was through the development of the Morse Code and the transmission of sound along a wire.

The telegraph was born and it became an invaluable tool during the USA Civil War.  It was before the Civil War the insulatoin for the wire was achieved and it was safer for longer distance transmission without an electrical shock.