This wasn't how it played in 1991 – a speech that the Obama team has pointed to repeatedly in the last two days as it sought to blunt the attacks....
In 1970, the United States District Court of the Eastern District of Texas ordered the State of Texas and nine school districts to remedy past discrimination that continued to harm the educational achievement of minority students in the State. MALDEF intervened with the court on behalf of the League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC) and the American GI Forum of Texas to hold the state responsible for providing equal educational opportunities to Latinos and English language learners (ELLs) and to remedy past de jure discrimination against Latino students.
In 1981, the District Court found that the State had failed to help ELLs overcome language barriers. Following the decision and while the case was on appeal, the State of Texas passed a law expanding bilingual education to grades K-6 and providing for English as a Second Language (ESL) programs for middle and high schools.
In February 2006, MALDEF filed a Motion for Further Relief against the State for failing to monitor and supervise the State’s bilingual and ESL programs. On July 30, 2007, U.S. District Judge William Wayne Justice issued a Memorandum Opinion and Judgment denying all the relief MALDEF requested. However, a year later, in the most comprehensive legal decision concerning the civil rights of English language learners in the last 25 years, Judge Justice threw out his earlier opinion in its entirety and found that Texas had violated the rights of ELLs under the Equal Educational Opportunities Act. Among the violations that he noted were that the Texas Education Agency under-identifies ELLs and that the achievement standards for intervention are arbitrary and not based upon equal educational opportunity. He also noted that the State’s intervention monitors lacks bilingual and ESL certifications, thus leading to the “blind leading the blind”; and the system monitors only at the district-level, as opposed to the campus-level, thus allowing for failing ESL programs in secondary schools to be masked by successful bilingual programs in elementary schools. The Court ordered the State Defendants to submit a new monitoring plan and a new or modified language program for secondary ELLs by the end of January 2009.
Roger Rice and Jenni Lopez of META are co-counsel in the case, which seeks to ensure that all students are given the opportunity to learn regardless of language ability.
"The Handbook for Texas" (click here)
EDUCATION FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS
...In 1871, Texas organized a public school system. The succeeding system, formed under the Constitution of 1876,qv reestablished the segregation of races but make impartial provision for each. Between 1873 and 1893 at black state conventions,qv African Americans from all sections of the state met to express their opinions, to delineate their needs, and to shape educational policies. Most significant were the Waco and Brenham conventions and the first meeting at Austin in 1884 of the Colored Teachers Association....
...The early 1950s marked several changes. These included improvements in school buildings and facilities, equalization of teachers' salaries, and an increase in funds for classroom instruction and libraries. The Texas Association of New Farmers of America, the African-American equivalent of Future Farmers of America, had chartered chapters in 178 high schools, with a membership of more than 9,000 high school boys studying vocational agriculture....
...The United States Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education (1954) outlawed segregated education and consequently had tremendous influence on programs of education for African Americans. Texas was one of the leaders in desegregation throughout the South. Two black students had been admitted to previously all-white schools in Fiona, Texas, before the 1954 decision. Shortly after the 1954 decision, the San Antonio school district became one of the first districts nationwide to comply. San Antonio had the advantages of good race relations and an articulate policy statement. This desegregation process began in September of the 1955-56 school year. Though San Antonio's desegregation of its schools moved quite smoothly, other school districts, such as Houston's, were amazingly slow. In 1964 Texas accounted for about 60 percent of the desegregated school districts in the South and for more than half of all African-American students attending integrated schools in the South....
...Although black students overall have greater difficulty than white students with the Texas Assessment of Academic Skills test, many educators attribute the problem to poverty and lack of educational resources. Legislation in the 1990s equalizing school financing may mitigate the problem. Another issue is that in many urban areas of Texas, resegregation appears to be occurring. In 1989, 63 percent of black students in Texas still attended predominantly black schools; this was exactly the national average (only ten states had higher percentages). It is impossible at the moment to assess the long-term consequences of this phenomenon.
Over crowded prisons with majority being African American. Why?
At midyear 2008 (click here), there were 4,777 black male inmates per 100,000 black males held in state and federal prisons and local jails, compared to 1,760 Hispanic male inmates per 100,000 Hispanic males and 727 white male inmates per 100,000 white males.
College Enrollments of Recent Black High School Graduates Are on the Rise
Article from:
The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education
Article date:
July 1, 2005
Author: Anonymous
CH II Publishers, Inc. Summer 2005.
Provided by ProQuest LLC.
In recent years, more African-American high school graduates have been enrolling in college. But blacks still trail whites by a large margin in full-time enrollments at four-year colleges and universities.
Anew report from the Census Bureau reveals that recent black high school graduates are narrowing the gap with whites in college enrollments. The data shows that of the 333,000 African Americans who graduated from high school in 2003, 194,000, or 58.3 percent, had enrolled in college by the fall of that year. For whites, 66.2 percent of the 2003 high school graduates went on to enroll in college that fall.
More African-Americans going to college; fewer graduating
Townes, Glenn
New York Amsterdam News; 11/8/2007, Vol. 98 Issue 46, p33-33, 1/3p
The article focuses on the current state of education of African Americans. According to a recently released report from the "Journal of Blacks in Higher Education," the number of African American students enrolling in college is at record levels, but fewer are graduating with higher education degrees. It is viewed that viable and consistent increases in the number of African American students successfully earning and completing college remains a public issue as much as an individual one.
Foundation launches plan to double number of minority college graduates
Townes, Glenn
New York Amsterdam News; 1/1/2009, Vol. 100 Issue 1, p32-32, 1/3p
The article reports that the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation will give $69.8 million worth of grants to groups in the U.S. that will increase the number of minority students who attend college and graduate. A statement from Allan Golston, president of the Gates Foundation's U.S. Program, about education in the U.S. It cites several researches such as "The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education's" statistics on African-Americans with college degree.
Fewer Low-Income Students Attending Yale
Martineau, Kim
Hartford Courant, The (CT); 01/22/2008
Jan. 22--The number of low-income students at Yale is declining, a new study shows, even as Harvard and some top-ranked public institutions, including the University of Connecticut, have made gains in admitting more students from the bottom of the economic ladder.
As income inequality grows, prestigious schools across the country are scrambling to become less elitist and admit more low-income students, especially as their multibillion-dollar endowments climb to record highs.
In recent years, Harvard and Yale universities, and others, have boosted financial aid and expanded recruiting to draw more students of modest means.
A study by Iowa scholar Tom Mortenson indicates mixed results. Many of the universities rated "best" by U.S. News and World Report showed a declining enrollment of students with federal Pell grants -- need-based grants to promote access to postsecondary education....
Drop in enrollment of black students at USC
Recruitment & Retention in Higher Education; May2008, Vol. 22 Issue 5, p5-5, 1/9p
The article focuses on the report of the University of South Carolina's student newspaper "The Daily Gamecock," that the number of black freshmen entering the university dropped by 32 percent between 2000 and 2007. The University of South Carolina was identified by the Journal of Blacks in Higher Education as having the highest black student enrollment of any flagship university in the nation, but a downward trend has occurred since then. Dennis Pruitt, vice president of student affairs, has said that because overall freshman enrollment has increased, the number of African-Americans is not properly represented in these percentages.
The Instigators and proudly so. Murdock's FOX brags about their ability to increase social dissonance.
"BACK TO SCHOOL" for FOX means vicious politicking at any age.
What Murdock does is 'create' the news by aggitating dissonance. How does it feel as a consumer of the news to be a 'target' of a news agency.
Feel a little like a puppet on a string?
